140 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



(A) The Indigenous Race of Pineus pini. 



(i) Fundatrix Generation. — None. 



(2) Gallicola Generation. — None. 



(3) Colonici Generatio?i. — The hibernating insect in this species 

 is not a first-stage larva, as in other Chermesidge, but a third- 

 or fourth-stage larva. These larvae pass the winter under the 

 protection of " wool " at the bases of buds and needles, and in 

 crevices in the bark of branches and of the trunk of Scots pine 

 (Plate III. Fig. 5). The larvae wake up during March, and 

 feed and moult for the fourth and last time. The adult females 

 each lay, during April, about 100 orange-coloured eggs under 

 copious " wool." These eggs hatch during the second half of 

 May. According to Marchal, these larvae are all of the 

 Progrediens type. Many of these red larvae crowd at the bases 

 of the needles of the opening buds. They secrete "wool," and 

 frequently the new shoots are whitened. They feed and moult. 

 The third moult gives two forms. 



(i.) Nymphs, which moult and become winged adults and 

 climb on to the needles. These winged females con- 

 sist of two kinds — 



(a) Sexuparge [see Sexupara Generation). 



(b) Colonici alatce. — These remain on the pine needles, 



and lay 10-20 orange-coloured eggs under 



copious "wool." The eggs hatch in about three 



weeks, giving larvae of Colonici. The larvae 



become adult towards the end of July. The 



eggs laid by these adults give larvae which, 



after two or three moults, hibernate. 



(ii.) AVingless females, which become adult after the fourth 



moult. These females lay 25-30 orange-coloured 



eggs at the bases of buds and on the stems at the 



beginning of July. The &ggs hatch in about three 



weeks, and the larvae develop on the stems. After 



four moults they become adult, and lay eggs towards 



the end of August. The larva hatching from these 



eggs moult two or three times, then hibernate. 



(4) Sexupara Generation. — For early development see Colonici 

 Generation (i. a). The Sexuparae become adult during the 

 second half of June. They migrate to the needles of Ficea 

 excelsa, but preferably to those of F. orientalis. Each female 



