NOTES AND QUERIES. 99 



the Stem. The author failed to find it breeding in specially 

 selected and felled trap-trees, although M. piniperda was found 

 breeding on them. He goes on to say : " If the woods be 

 properly managed the increase of M. minor may be readily 

 checked and their numbers reduced. The method of preparing 

 trap-trees should be adopted, but these trap-trees should be 

 standing trees, selected at intervals throughout the wood. Trees 

 with badly-shaped crowns, unhealthy, damaged, or those sup- 

 pressed by taller surrounding trees, should be selected if possible 

 as trap trees. If such trees as these cannot be found in the 

 wood, certain comparatively thin-barked trees may be selected, 

 and artificially be brought into an unhealthy condition by re- 

 moving a ring of bark just above the surface of the ground. 

 The use of trap-trees should be continuous from March to 

 October to ensure success, so that suitable places at all times 

 would be offered the beetles for their egg-laying. At regular 

 intervals these traps, after examination, should be felled and 

 the bark removed and destroyed, taking care that this is done 

 before the larvae have become full grown, otherwise in the thin- 

 barked portions of stems some of the pupae might be deep in 

 the sapwood and not so easily reached. 



The Care and Management of Hedges. 



The recently issued volume of the Transactions of the High- 

 land and Agricultural Society for 191 7 contains, among other 

 articles of interest and value to the agriculturist, an excellently 

 written and illustrated contribution from Mr J. H. Milne-Home 

 on this subject. 



In these days when fencing materials of all kinds are so scarce 

 and dear, and are likely to remain so for some time to come, 

 it is fitting t"hat some attention should be paid to existing hedges, 

 in order that their utility as efficient fences should remain un- 

 impaired, and that those which are in an unsatisfactory state 

 should be again rendered serviceable by appropriate treatment. 

 Mr Milne-Home's article does not set out to give information 

 as to the formation of entirely new hedges, although abundant 

 references are given as to where such information can be found. 

 It, however, deals in a very clear and satisfactory manner with 

 the care and regeneration of existing hedges. It is difficult to 

 draw up a hard and fast comparison between the relative cost 



