192 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the boreal forests of high latitudes and altitudes and the tropical 

 forests of southern Florida. It is most abundant on the north- 

 western flanks of the Alleghanies, in what might be called the 

 interior hardwood region, and forms nearly pure stands, 

 commonly called cedar glades, in middle Tennessee and 

 northern Alabama. (Of the numerous places named Lebanon 

 in the United States it is altogether probable that those in Ohio, 

 Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Florida, if not most of the 

 others, were named from the presence of cedar trees, although 

 our cedar bears little resemblance to Cedrus Libant, the classical 

 Cedar of Lebanon. 



The soil in which this tree grows is usually dry, and nearly 

 always thin or rocky, but it varies greatly in chemical composi- 

 tion. In Alabama, Tennessee, and some other parts of the 

 country, the cedar is believed to prefer calcareous soils, but this 

 does not seem to be true throughout its range, for it grows in 

 many places where no lime can be detected without a careful 

 chemical analysis. 



This species is very sensitive to fire, and the places frequented 

 by it, such as pastures, fence-rows, edges of marshes, dunes, 

 rocks, bluff's, hammocks, etc., are all pretty well protected from 

 fire in one way or another. In fact exemption from fire seems 

 to be the only significant character that its diverse habitats have 

 in common, from which we may conclude that that governs its 

 local distribution more than anything else.^ 



The wood of the cedar is very durable, but is now used mostly 

 for pencils, in which this quality is not taken advantage of. 

 Representatives of the pencil-makers have scoured the country 

 pretty thoroughly for it, and few large straight-grained trees have 

 escaped them, even those in small groves in the most out-of-the- 

 way places in the South. Although it is not separated from some 

 other species in the census returns, the cedar cut in 1909 in 

 Tennessee (8,927,000 feet), Missouri (2,984,000 feet), and 

 Alabama (2,869,000 feet) must be all or nearly all of this 

 species. 



The Southern White Cedar or "Juniper" (C//a;;/«;rj;/^am 

 thyoides) is the only conifer that grows both in the glaciated 



^ This was discussed at some length in Torreya, vol. xii. pp. 145-154, July, 

 1912. The most complete treatise on red cedar is Bulletin 31 of the Division 

 of Forestry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, by Dr Charles Mohr, 

 1901. 



