38 FRIDTJOF NANSEN. M.-N. Kl. 
Knipowitsch has a section from August 13—19, 19011, which 
passes south of Amundsen’s Stations 6, 7 and 8, but the difference 
between these and Stations 580 and 581, of the former, is very striking. 
All traces of the cold water are washed away in August; there was at no 
depth any temperature below zero, and in the upper strata, above 25 metres, 
the temperature was above 4°, and even 6° C., whilst the salinities had sunk 
below 34000, and near the surface even below 33 %0. Knipowitsch’s 
Stat. 579 (68° 52° W. Lat., 44° 28° E. Long.) is near Amundsen’s place 
on May 11, where he observed —ı'2° C. and 3428 %0 and —ı'4°, 
34'05 "/00 on the surface, and there were probably very nearly the same 
temperature and salinity in all strata to the bottom, whilst Knipowitsch 
in August the same year found, the temperature above 6°C. and salinity 
below 320 %00 in the upper 20 metres, whilst, towards the bottom in 
about 60 metres, the temperature gradually decreased without reaching 
zero and the salinity increased without reaching 34'0 %0. All traces of 
the cold winter-water had consequently been effaced by August. 
Knipowitsch's Station 537? has obviously been very nearly at the 
same spot as Amundsen’s Stat. 3, although according to the Latitudes 
and Longitudes as published it should have been nearer his Stat. 10. 
Knipowitsch's Stat. 536 has about the Latitudes and Longitudes of 
Stat. 3, but was obviously on the platform further east. 
A comparison between the temperatures and salinities in the table 
below, give a good idea of the changes which heave occurred in the 
three months between April 28 and July 22, 1901. 
Amundsen. | Knipowitsch. 
Dep Statens Stat. 537 42 
ne | Apr. 28, 1901 | July 22, I90r Difference. 
Metres. | 71° 33° N. ja ey INE 
I 450 30: SS er MDG 
° C. 38 IE Urs ae Se 
o TER EEE 3463 | 54 orl 
25 — 0°23 is || SE I 523 14 
35 0'15 81 3°65 65 3°50 16 
50 0°40 86 | 2'8 69 2'4 TE] 
75 0'46 89 | 18 74 | 134 15 
100 0°48 89 | 12 76 0'72 13 
150 | 0°26 GØY mr 77 0'84 13 
200 — 075 92 | ro 81 I'15 TEGE 
215 —0'90 90 | 
230 05 81 
The upper 25 metres of water have become more than 5° C. war- 
mer; in all depths there is a rise of temperature, and a fairly uniform 
decrease of salinity. 
Poser, Vell rie cr 
2 Loc. cit., Pl. 6, Fig. 4, and p. 22. 
