1906. No. 3: AMUNDSEN’S OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS IN 1901. AT 
this kind should be found just at this station where the observations 
were taken so early in the season, By intermixture with the overlying 
strata the salinity of this kind of bottom-water will be gradually lowered 
later in the summer. 
This series of Wollebæk proves very clearly how the vertical cir- 
culation during the winter has been able to produce a perfectly uniform 
salinity between 20 and 100 metres. Near the surface, at o and 10 
metres the salinity had been sligthly lowered by the end of May, and 
the temperature of the upper strata had commenced to rise. 
Later in the season these conditions are much altered, especially in 
the upper strata, as is seen by a comparison in the Table, p. 42, be- 
tween Wollebæk's observations for May 1900, and Knipowitsch’s ob- 
servations in the same region for July and September of the same year! 
and also with later Russian observations in August, 1903 and 1904. 
At Knipowitsch's Stations 249 and 345, in the region north and 
northwest of Wollebæks Station II, there were in July and September 
hardly any traces left of the very cold and heavy water which Wollebæk 
had found a short distance to the south a month and a half before. 
There was only a very thin bottom-layer at Knipowitsch’s Stations with 
temperatures about —0'69 C. and —o0'5* C. The two salinities at Stat. 
345 are very low (if they are trustworthy). These two Stations, espe- 
cially No. 249, are near the edge of the coastal shelf, and are therefore 
near a region with more effective horizontal circulation. Stat. 10, Aug. 6, 
1904, is also in this region, but on the slope in deeper water (205 
metres and still farther towards the northwest. Here there is no trace 
of bottom water with temperatures below zero (10 metres above the 
bottom 05” C. and 3479” °/oo was found) and although the Station is 
on the slope towards the deeper central depression of the sea, the 
salinity, which is rather uniform, is considerably lower than at Wollebæk's 
Station. 
In the region to the south of the latter the conditions are very 
different, here, both at Knipowitsch's two Stations 247 and 248, in July, 
1906, and at Breitfuss's Station 8 in Aug., 1903, and also at his Stats. 
8 and 9 in Aug., 1904, well developed bottom-layers with low temperatures 
were found, but the layer is very much thicker at the three former Sta- 
tions, than at those of 1904. For comparsion may be included here the 
1 Cf. Knipowitsch, Expedition für Wissenschaftlich-Praktische Untersuchungen an der 
Murman Küste, vol. I, St. Petersburg, 1902, pp. 446, 482 (Russian with German 
Summary). 
