44 FRIDTJOF NANSEN. M.-N. Kl. 
at Wollebæk’s Station demonstrates better than anything else, that it is 
not a regular bottom-current, but more or less local phenomena that 
here have to be dealt with. 
The same kind of cold, heavy bottom-water is found almost every 
where on the coastal shelf along the west and northwest coast of Novaya 
Zemlya, wherever a sounding has been taken. The many soundings 
taken by Dr. Breitfuss in August 19021, along the coast between 
73 N. Lat. and 76° 29' N. Lat. (see Table above p. 22) are good examples. 
Everywhere below a depth of 25 metres cold bottom-water was found; 
a layer generally more than 100 metres thick, forming, as it were, a 
bank of heavy water over the shelf, with densities above 2800 at depths 
greater than 50 metres (cf Sections Figs. 2 and 3, pp. 26, 27). The great 
resistance offéred to the horizontal movements of the water over the 
uneven bottom of the shelf, and the small depths, evidently protect this 
cold winter water from being entirely washed away in the summer, 
although, as was seen above, its salinity is gradually much reduced, and 
its temperature raised by intermixture with overlying waters, The following 
series of observations by Admiral Makaroff, in August 1901, is also 
interesting : 
Depth in m. I 10 25 50 100 150 
Stat. 57, Aug. 5,| | 
1901 Temp. °C. | —2778 — 18 —r'8 —r'8 —r'8 —r'8 
peker] z 
or Nat SA. Ove 33'526 33'526 34'458 34 94 34°97 35044 
54° 55'E. Long.| . .. : 
54 55 8! Salin. O/go 33'53 3353 34°45 34°95 | 34°99 | 35°04 
The water samples were taken in, green soda-water bottles with patent 
india-rubber stoppers (see about these samples below, p. 50). The upper 
series of salinities were determined by Mr. Jakob Schetelig with 
Hydrometer of Total Immerssion and the lower series by Mr. Leive- 
-stad by Titration. 
The cold Bottom-Water of the Central Depression of the Eastern 
Barents Sea. 
A very prominent feature in all sections across the central depres- 
sion (depths greater than 300 metres) of the eastern Barents Sea (see 
Fig. ı, p. 24) is the cold bottom-water with high salinity, rising, as it 
were, as a mountain of heavy water along the centre of this depression 
! Bull. d. Result. Courses Period., Aug. 1902, pp. 33—34. 
