1906. No.3. AMUNDSEN'S OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS IN 1901. 45 
(see the two sections reproduced on pp. 26—27, Figs. 2 and 3, see also 
Knipowitsch’s section from July 19011) and Breitfuss's section from Aug. 
1903?. As was above pointed out, this cold bottom-water is, as a rule, 
separated from that on the coastal shelf of Novaya Zemlya by warmer 
water along the eastern slope of the depression (se all the sections 
mentioned above and the maps Pls. II, IP.) The isopycnals drawn for 
27°90, 28°00 and 28'10, in Section Fig. 3 (p. 27), have very steep inclina- 
tions on the eastern slope of the depression. showing that the water 
there must be in rapid movement northwards along the slope. Om the 
western slope the water is probably in movement southwards, but the 
movement is not so rapid. Knipowitsch's section from July 1901, and 
give very similar pictures, if the 
< 
Breitfuss’s section from August 1903, 
isopycnals be drawn. 
In a short section from May, 1904, across the slope on the southern 
side of the depression (Fig. 4, p. 27), conditions quite similar to those 
on the eastern slope in the above section are to be found, but the in- 
clination of the isopycnals for 27°90 and 28°00 is here much steeper, 
and indicative of a still more rapid movement of the warm waters along 
the slope eastwards. It is also apparent (as in other sections) that the 
isopycnals are again rising over the bank, inside the slope (se isopycnal 
for 27°90). In August, 1904, very nearly the same section was taken*; 
the waters at all stations were then very much warmer, and the salini- 
ties of the upper strata lower. The isopycnals. on the other hand, slope 
in exactly the same manner, although not so steeply, which indicates 
that the horizontal movement has been probably not so rapid near the 
surface, as it was in May. At the deepest station in August (Stat. 24, 
Aug. 21, 1904) there was very little cold bottom-water, but to judge 
from the depth (293 metres) this station was situated higher on the 
Im 
Ann. Hydr. etc., 1905, Pl. 6, Fig. 5. 
Bull. Result. Courses Period., Aug. 1903, Pl. V, Sect. Arct. II. The isohaline for 34"90 °/g9 
ought to be drawn differently in the central part of this section, more in accordance 
with the manner in which it is drawn in the section for Aug. 1904 (Fig. 3, p. 27). Tue 
isohaline should certainly form an elevation and not a depression near Stat. ır. The 
conditions have obviously been similar to those of Breitfuss's Section for Aug. 1902, 
reproduced here (Fig. 2, p. 26). There has been a "mountain” of cold water with high 
salinity in the middle and two masses of warmer water with high salinities near the 
bottom on both sides, especially on the eastern slope (Stat. 9). 
3 Breitfuss's Section from Aug. 1902 along the southeastern part of the depression, forms 
an exception as was pointed out above (p. 25), but there have evidently been exceptional 
conditions on this occasion. There may have been a temporary displacement of water, 
similar to that proved by Amundsen's observations in April and May, 1901, in the 
region of his Stats. 9, 2, 10, and 3, see above, p. 36. 
4 Bull. Courses Period., Aug. 1904, p. 27, Stats. 24, 25, 26. 
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