52 FRIDTJOF NANSEN. M.-N. KI. 
of exactly the same kind as was found during the Fram Expedition in 
the North Polar Basin, and the salinities are not much below the values 
obtained for similar depths in the latter, by a revision of the observations 
(see below, last chapter)!. The upper boundary of the water with temperatures 
above zero, seems to be in about 200 metres at Makaroff’s Stat. 77, and 
at similar depths at his Stations 84 (where it is somewhat higher), 83 dzs, 
and 83 (where it was somewhat lower)?. This corresponds remarkably well 
with the conditions in the North Polar Basin, where the isotherm for 
o° C. is in depths about 200 metres (between 165 and 240 metres)?. The 
sections through Makaroff’s stations, published by Dr. Knipowitsch, 
show a remarkable feature. The warm intermediate or bottom-water, 
with temperatures above zero, is only found at Stations 77 and 84 (see Fig. 1, 
M 77, M84, p. 24), on the northern side of the submarine valley coming 
from the northwest, whilst at Makaroff’s Stations 7 and 85 (Fig. 1, 7 7, M 85) 
on the southern side of this valley there is much colder water (see maps, 
Pl. III). At Station 7 there is a maximum, with temperature above 
— 1° C., between 130 and 225 metres‘ (see map for 200 metres PI. III). 
The explanation obviously is, that there is here a kind of cyclonic 
movement; warm water at depths greater than 200 metres on the 
northern side of the channel could not be thus limited to one side only, 
unless in movement southwestwards along the northern slope of the 
channel. The cold water of the southern slope (Pl. III) is moving in 
For comparison may also here be added the determinations of some samples brought 
home by Dr. Blessing from Fram-Stat. 24. As to the trustworthyness of these 
samples see below (last chapter). 
S °/oo | SOS 
Depth one Aue Less trust- 
: | rature | Determina- 0 
in Metres er Ny Ke : worthy Deter- t 
in situ tions with ed 
minations 
Pycnometer 
Stat. 24, of the Fram- 150 TARN 34°42 27°68 
Expedition Nov. 30 and 200 O'I I 34°74 27°91 
Dec. 2, 1895 250 0°57 34°88 28°00 
85° 28' N. Lat. 450 0'73 34'96* 28'05 
58° 45° E. Long. 550 0'55 34°96* 28:06 
800 O'I5 34°99 28°11 
850 —0'01 35°01 28°14 
goo Korey! | 34°97 2811 
The salinities marked with an asterisk, for 450 and 550 metres, are taken from 
Dr. Blessing’s observations with the hydrometer, as they are more trustworthy than 
those taken by Dr. Heidenreich with Pycnometer (see Oceonography of N. P. 
Basin, p. 213). The values of salinity are computed by Knudsen's Tables. 
Cf. Knipowitsch, doc. cit. Pl. 6, Figs. 7, 8. 
See Oceanography of N. P: Basin, Pl. XV. 
Gf. Knipowitsch, loc. (cr Pl. 6, Kir 7- 
cs ro 
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