1906. No.3. AMUNDSEN’S OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS IN 1%1. 61 
according to Martin Knudsen’s tables. On the whole he seems to have 
got somewhat high salinities, but it is difficult to decide how much his 
values ought to be reduced. If his salinities found for the bottom-water 
of the Norwegian Sea, be taken it is found that his errors vary much, 
as the following examples will demonstrate. It is known now that the 
bottom-water with a temperature of about —1° C. has a salinity of about 
3492 % and 34°93 %9- If the latter value be assumed as the upper 
limit, the following minimum errors for Äkerblom’s determinations of 
the bottom-water will be obtained. 
Number of | Depth in 
Les Minimum 
Station | Metres = Ee 2.) Error 
II 667 ie 3497 oo | + 004/30 
II 1916 Sra 34°06 „ Loue 
V 2000 —o'o 34°04 » +oor , 
VI 500 — 13 350I „ + 008 „ 
V:a 1028 —0'8 5516 % Eo23 15 
The probability seems to be that, at least, some of those errors are 
due to evaporation through the cork-stoppers of the glass-bottles in 
which the water-samples were brought home. The values 3407 and 
3499 Yan for the salinity at 100 and 150 metres, Stat. N VI (see Sect. VI, 
Pl. VIII) and at 200 and 270 metres, Stat. V VII (see Sects. V and VII, 
Pis. VII, IX) are obviously also too high, and have to be reduced by 
perhaps about 0'06 or 0'08 %,3- 
Captain G. Amdrup! took in June and July, 1900, three Stations 
(45 Il—Ap IV, Pl. V) between Jan Mayen and Greenland. Both 
temperatures and salinities were taken with a Pettersson Insulated Water- 
Bottle of the old patern at Stations II and III, and partly Station IV. 
As the temperatures were taken by means of a thermometer which was 
inserted after the water-bottle came on deck, they cannot be very ac- 
curate, but they, as well as the salinities, are evidently very good. The 
values of the salinity are, however, obviously somewhat too high, on the 
whole, and give too high densities, if the be compared with those of 
Amundsen’s Stations. The densities of the deepest water-strata at his 
Stat. II, northwest of Jan Mayen, are also too high, if they be compared 
with those of the Michael Sars, taken in the neighbourhood in the same 
summer (see Sect. IX, Pl. X). At his Stat. III (see Sects. IV, VI, VII) 
Amdrup has obtained samples from the typical bottom-water with 
1 G. Amdrup, Carlsbergfondets Expedition til Øst-Grønland, 1898—1900, Meddelelser 
om Grønland, vol. XXVII, Copenhagen, 1902, pp. 345—349. 
