66 FRIDTJOF NANSEN. M.-N. Kl. 
Stat. 23 (July 11 and 12) was, for instance, taken more than three weeks 
later than the first Station in this region, Stat. 13 (June 19). 
At Stat. 14 (June 20, Table II) there was found already at 80 metres 
water with a temperature of —ı'25° C., a salinity of 34:87 %0, and a 
density of 28'07 (or very nearly the same characters as the bottom-water), 
and this is the place amongst Amundsen’s Stations where the cold 
bottom-water comes nearest to the surface!. The isotherm of — 1° C. 
rose to about 50 metres, where there was a salinity of 34.83 0/00. Station 
21 is very nearly at the same spot (about 10 kilometres further west), 
but was taken nineteen days later (on July 8). The isotherm of —ı?C. 
had then sunk to 150 metres (see Section IX, Pl. X), the temperature 
was gradually decreasing downwards and there was only a slight indica- 
tion of an upper minimum at 60 metres, the temperature (—0'82° C.) 
being nearly the same as at 100 metres (—0'83° C.). 
At Stat. 16 (Sect. IX) there was indications of an upper minimum 
(—1'05 to —ı'ı1° C.) between 60 and 150 metres, but the salinity 
(3488 and 3490 %/00) was very nearly that of the bottom-water, and there 
is no distinct separation of the one layer from the other. 
At Mohn's Stations 302 and 303 (June 19, 1878) the isotherm of 
—1° C. also rises very near the water-surface (to about 50 metres below 
it) and here even the isotherm of —ı'2° C. seems to rise very high, to 
about 150 metres below the water-surface (Section IV, Pl. VI). 
But outside the region of Amundsen's Stations and the above 
Stations of Mohn, the isotherms of —1° C. and —ı'2° C. slope steeply 
oft towards all sides, both east and west (Sects. IV and V) and south 
and north (Sects. VIII and IX). A section through Amundsen’s southern 
Stations (Sect. VI) gives a very low situation to the isotherm of —1° C.; 
and in Sect. VII, farther south, the isotherm of —1° C. has sunk 
almost beyond sight. 
1 At Station 13, there was a temperature of —1'15° C. already at 25 metres, but the 
salinity was only 34°38°/,, and the density 2768. This is evidently water from the 
Polar Current. At 50 metres there is a minimum of —ı'37° C., and 34°81 °/,., With a 
density of 28'04; and here there is some approach to the nature of bottom-water. It 
seems as if the water at this depth was slightly heavier than the water at 100 metres, 
with a density of 28'03; but if this be not simply due to a slight inaccuracy, of about 
0'01 °/,o, in the determination of the chlorine, it might also be due to the fact that the 
instruments were released by propeller after having been hauled up 3 or 4 metres, and 
the water samples thus have come from a stratum slightly above the one from which 
the temperature was taken by reversing thermometer. As there was an interval of 
about 17 minutes between both observations, there is also a possibility that some 
displacement of the water may have taken place. 
