HABITATS sh 
of Lophozia turbinata and L. badensis is doubtless due to 
the greater area of soil containing lime on the eastern side 
of the country. <A few arctic-alpine species have been found 
only on the Breadalbane mountains, but they are not taken 
into account in this connection, as the well-known richness 
of that district in all groups of plants renders comparison 
with other districts misleading from a geographical point 
of view. 
HABITATS 
AN exact line of demarcation cannot be drawn between 
xerophytes, mesophytes, hydrophytes, etce.; a combination 
of two of the terms is necessary in several cases; also the 
typical form of a species may belong to one class, while its 
varieties may belong to another. The term hemixerophyte 
is used here for those species which are found on rather 
dry rocks and on the bark of living trees, but which can 
only survive in an almost continually moist atmosphere. 
Several of the species which have xerophytic characters, 
such as water-holding sacs, are found to be most prevalent 
in moist localities. Lithophytes being closely related eco- 
logically to epiphytes, we find some species which belong to 
both groups; these may either grow indifferently on rocks 
or trees, or occur commonly on one and rarely on the other, 
and this relationship may alter according to the local 
conditions, and is not necessarily the same in different 
counties. 
- 1. Species confined, or almost confined, to rocks. 
XEROPHYTES—Gymnomitrium crenulatum, G. alpinum, 
Chandonanthus setiformis, Cololejewnea calcarea, C. Rosset- 
tiana, Marchesinia Mackaii. HEMIXEROPHYTES—Cololejeu- 
nea microscopica, Frullania microphylla. MESOPHYTES— 
Marsupella Boecku, M. sparsifolia, Lophocolea spicata, 
Radula voluta, R. Carringtonii. HyGroprytes—Marsu- 
pella nevicensis, Jubula Hutchinsie Some of these in- 
variably grow directly on the rock, others are occasionally 
epiphytes on mosses. 
Some species which are almost entirely confined to rocks 
when at a low altitude are frequently found on soil when 
