COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES 25 
L. barbata. Chandonanthus setiformis. 
L. Baueriana. Herberta adunca. 
Sphenolobus quadrilobus. | Mastigophora Woodsii. 
S. ovatus. Scapania aspera. 
Plagiochila spinulosa. S. ornithopodioides. 
Chiloscyphus pallescens. S. nimbosa. 
Cephalozia pleniceps. S. irrigua. 
C. connivens. S. curta. 
C. lunuleefolia ? Radula complanata. 
Odontoschisma denuda- Cololejeunea calcarea. 
tum var. elongatum. Frullania fragilifolia. 
Calypogeia fissa. F. dilatata. 
There are thus 20 species, or about 9 p. ct. of our total 
number of 225, which ascend above 4000 ft.; 61, or about 
28 p. ct., which ascend to 3000-4000 ft.; and 32, or about 
14 p. ct., which ascend to 2000-3000 ft. This makes a total 
of 113, or half our species, which ascend above 2000 ft. Of 
the remainder there are upwards of 75, or a third of our flora, 
which do not, or rarely, ascend above 1000 ft. This leaves 
only 37 species with ascending limits commonly between 
1000 and 2000 ft. 
It will be noticed that few of our arctic-alpine species, of 
which a list is given elsewhere, ascend above 4000 ft. This 
is owing to the exposed and barren condition of the small 
area in Scotland above this elevation. Our highest moun- 
tain, Ben Nevis, with an altitude of 4406 ft. (1843 metres), 
is almost devoid of vegetation in its upper parts. 
The descending limits of species vary greatly in an 
insular flora; they are given under the species in the body 
of the work. 
COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES 
WHEN the general similarity of the hepatic flora of the 
North Temperate Regions is remembered, it is to be expected 
that the flora of Scotland should differ from that of the 
Continent of Europe principally in the more plentiful 
occurrence of Hepaticw in general, and in the presence or 
absence of a few species, the effects of its insular climate. 
