30 THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATIC IN SCOTLAND 
not been found in Scotland. In looking over their dis- 
tribution as given by Kaalaas, it is noticed that almost 
all are confined, or nearly so, to the north, centre, or east 
of the country, being absent or very rare on the west 
side. Six of these species belong to the Murchauntioidea, 
viz. Peltolepis grandis, Sauteria alpina, Clevia hyalina, 
Grimaldia pilosa, Asterella pilosa, and A. Lindenbergiana. 
The probability is not great that any of them will be 
found with us. There is a greater likelihood of some of 
the foliose arctic-alpine species occurring in Scotland, 
though only one, v.e. Gymnomitrium andrwioides—unless 
Seapania Jérgensenis be considered in this group—is a 
western species in Norway. There are also upwards of 
twenty low-ground species in Norway which have not been 
found with us. As with the arctic-alpine group, they are 
nearly all absent or rare in Western Norway. Belonging, 
as they mostly do, to the Continental type, our insular 
climate is less favourable for them; however, a few will 
probably be found. The flora of the drier districts of 
Scotland near the east coast, especially in the south-east 
counties, seems to approach in some degree, though less 
Continental, the low-ground flora of the Christiania district 
of Norway, but the resemblance is much less than that 
between the floras of the west coast of the two countries. 
Excluding species of the Atlantic type, we have a few low- 
ground species which do not appear to have been found 
in Norway, the most noticeable being Turgionia hypo- 
phylla, Pallavicinia Flotowiana, Fossombronia pusilla, 
and Lophozia turbinata, these having their headquarters in 
the west and south of Europe. All our arctic-alpine species 
occur in Norway, and, as is to be expected, in much greater 
abundance there. 
As to the general similarity of our flora to that across 
the Atlantic Ocean, we find that the New England States, 
where the hepatics are being well examined, the results 
being published by Evans in Rhodoru, have 147 species at 
present known. Of these, 100, or nearly 68 p. ct., have 
been found in Scotland. The remaining 47 include 12 
which have been found elsewhere in Europe. There are at 
the same time some striking differences in the floras, as 
in the apparent absence in New England of perhaps our 
