THE MAEINE ALG^E OF NEW ENGLAND. 3 



ity of the climate, too, renders it difficult to collect during the winter 

 and early spring months, when the species to be found are to a great 

 extent different from those which flourish in summer. A rich harvest 

 might be expected by an algologist who should pass the winter and 

 spring at some exposed point upon the coast. The summer species may 

 be said to be tolerably well known, but our knowledge of the winter 

 forms is very deficient. 



For the purpose of examining the alga? of the coast, I have visited 

 Eastport, Portland, Cape Ann, Wood's Holl, Mass., where I passed two 

 summers with the Commission, Newport, Noank, Conn., and Green- 

 port, L. I. Unfortunately, I have not been able to make any excursions 

 during the winter months, except to the coast near Boston, at Nakant and 

 Marblehead, and my knowledge of the winter species is derived from 

 specimens sent by correspondents. 



In this connection I would express my sincere thanks to correspond- 

 ents who have aided me by specimens and information, and I would 

 acknowledge especially my obligations to Prof. D. C. Eaton, of New 

 Haven ; Mr. Horace Averill and Mr. A. E. Young, of Brooklyn ; Mr. 

 C. B. Fuller, of Portland ; Mrs. A. L. Davis and Mrs. M. H. Bray, of 

 Gloucester; Miss M. A. Booth, Mrs. Corcoran, Mrs. J. T. Lusk, Mrs. 

 Beebe, Mr. F. S. Collins, and others, whose names are appeuded to the 

 different species described. I am particularly indebted to the Fish Com- 

 mission for their valuable aid in enabling me to dredge and collect in 

 various interesting localities in Southern Massachusetts, at Noank, and 

 at Gloucester, and to Mr. Alexander Agassiz for facilities for examining 

 the coast at Newport. With the materials at hand I have attempted to 

 review critically the species of our coast, and for this purpose it was neces- 

 sary to compare them with the algae not only of Great Britain, but of 

 the other shores of Europe. I am, above all, indebted to Dr. Edouard 

 Bornet, of Paris, who has constantly furnished information, both with 

 regard to structure and nomenclature, without which it would have been 

 impossible for me to form an accurate judgment concerning American 

 species. I would also return my thanks to Prof. J. G. Agardh, of Lund ; 

 to Prof. J. E. Areschoug, Dr. W. B. Wittrock, and Dr. F. J. Kjellman, 

 of Upsala, through whose kindness I have been able to examine very 

 complete sets of Scandinavian and Arctic alga?, which have a special 

 bearing on the New England flora ; to Prof. E. Perceval Wright, of Dublin, 

 who has obligingly allowed me to examine specimens in the Harveyan 

 Herbarium at Trinity College; to M. A. Le JoliS, of Cherbourg, and Prof. 

 J. T. Eostafiuski, of Cracow, for valuable notes on Luminariw ; and to 

 Mr. F. Hauck, of Trieste, for sets of Adriatic alga?. 



If we regard the marine vegetation of the northeastern coast of the 

 United States as a whole, we see that, beginning at Eastport, we have a 

 strongly marked arctic flora, which is a direct continuation of that of 

 Greenland and Newfoundland. As we proceed southward towards Bos- 

 ton, although the luxuriance of growth is less, the general appear- 



