THE MARINE ALG^ OF NEW ENGLAND. 147 



postomes by which the spores are discharged. However ill defined the present genus 

 may he, there is no difficulty in recognizing at sight our only species. 



A. plicata, Fries. (Gymnogongrm plicatus, Kiitz.; Phyc, Brit., PI. 



288. — Gigartina plicata, Lain.x. — Sphccrococcus plicatus, Ag.) 



Fronds horny, terete, filiform, very irregularly branched, entangled, 

 branches di-trichotomous, with lateral, often secund, branches, axils 

 rounded, terminal divisions elongated ; cystocarps and tetraspores ? 



Yar. FASTIGJATA. 



Fronds regularly dichotomous, terminal segments equal. 



On rocks and algae in exposed tide-pools. 



From New York northward ; Europe; North Pacific. 



Forming very irregularly branched, rigid tufts several inches in diameter. The 

 color is usually nearly black, becoming on exposure yellowish or greenish. More wiry 

 and rigid than any of our other Floridece. 



CYSTOCLONIUM, Kiitz. 



(From kvgtlc, a bladder, and kIoviov, a small twig.) 



Fronds fleshy, succulent, terete, decompoundly branched, composed 

 of three strata of cells, an axile series of loosely interlaced filaments 

 formed of delicate elongated cells, surrounding which is a layer of large 

 rounded cells and a cortical layer of small roundish-angular cells ; an- 

 theridia in spots on the upper part of the fronds, interspersed among, 

 the unchanged cortical cells ; tetraspores zonate, scattered in the cor- 

 tical layer; cystocarps large, immersed in the frond, usually prominent 

 at one side, with a single carppstome. 



The account given above of the structure of the frond refers to the appearance pre^ 

 sented in sectioning the mature plant. A study of the development shows that the 

 external and medial layers really are derived from the axial filaments, or rather that 

 all three are formed from a common set of filaments at the apex of the frond. The 

 frond of Cystoclonium might be mistaken for that of EliaMonia, but the fruit is very 

 different. The genus comprises about half a dozen described species, but only one is 

 at all well known. 



C. purpurascens, Kiitz. (E/ypnea purpurascens, Harv., Phyc. Brit., 

 PI. 11G.) 



Fronds brownish rose-colored, six inches to two feet loug, an eighth 

 to a quarter of an inch in diameter, terete, subpinnately decompound, 

 much branched, branches alternate, elongate, beset with alternately 

 decompound branch lets which taper at each end; cystocarps numer- 

 rous, large, often forming nodose swellings in the branches. 



Var. CIRRHOSA. 



The branches drawn out into long, twisted tendrils. 



