[135] CEPHALOPODS OF NORTHEASTERN COAST OF AMERICA 345 



large number of small, sharply denticulated, pedicelled suckers, crowd- 

 edly arranged in four rows ; close to the tips of the arms about twenty 

 of the small suckers have smooth rims and very short pedicels, but are 

 still in four rows. The large suckers vary greatly in relative size, accord- 

 ing to age, sex, season, and locality (Plate XXXI, figs. 1, 2, 3) ; they are 

 a little higher on one side than on the other, with a broad aperture, sur- 

 rounded by a horny marginal ring, which is divided all around into 

 sharp, unequal teeth, which are larger on the outer side (Plate XXVIII, 

 figs 3, 4, c, c) ; usually one minute sharp tooth stands between two 

 larger ones, and these sets of three stand between still larger and less 

 acute ones; the horny ring is surrounded by a wide, thick, soft marginal 

 membrane ; below the border a groove surrounds the sucker, and below 

 this there is a basal swelling, equaling or exceeding the margin in diam- 

 eter. The smaller marginal suckers (Plate XXVIII, figs. 9, 9 a) have 

 the aperture more oblique and the horny ring much wider on the outer 

 side, with its outer sharp marginal teeth longer and more incurved; 

 usually these have the teeth alternately larger and smaller. 



The outer buccal membrane (Plate XXVI, fig. 4) is large, thin, with 

 seven prominent, elongated, acute angles, all of which have a cluster of 

 about ten to fifteen small pedicelled suckers, in two rows, on the inner 

 surface (a, b, c, d). These suckers have horny rings, denticulated on one 

 side. In the female there is a special thickened organ (s) in the form of 

 a horseshoe on the inner ventral surface of the buccal membrane. This 

 in the breeding season serves for the attachment of the spermatophores 

 by the male. 



The muscular pharynx (fig. 4, c,f) containing the jaws can be pro- 

 truded its whole length. The inner buccal membrane (/) or sheath 

 inclosing the beak (m) has a prominent, thickened, radially wrinkled 

 and puckered anterior margin. On the ventral side the pharynx bears, 

 externally, two thin chitinous plates, not connected with the jaws. The 

 points and exposed edges of the beak are hard and black, becoming dark 

 reddish brown farther back ; the alae and gular and palatine laminae are 

 thin and pale yellowish or light amber-color, in alcoholic specimens. 

 The upper mandible (Plate XXVIII, figs. 5, 5 a, var. pallida) has a sharp, 

 strongly incurved point ; cutting edge regularly curved, with a triangular 

 notch at its base, followed by a prominent triangular tooth on the alar 

 edge, beyond which the edge is nearly straight, but recedes somewhat. 

 Lower mandible with a sharply incurved point and sinuous cutting 

 edges, which have a slight tooth below the middle and only a slight 

 rounded notch at base, which passes gradually into the very oblique and 

 receding alar edge. The bilobed palate is covered with a chitinous mem- 

 brane, which bears transparent, small, sharp, recurved denticles. 



Badula with pale amber-colored teeth and thin transparent borders. 

 The median teeth (Plate XXVIII, figs. 6-8) are broad, with a long, acute 

 median denticle, and a shorter, curved, and less acute lateral one, on each 

 side; the inner lateral teeth (b) are short, strongly incurved, with a 



