[139] CEPHALOPODS OF NORTHEASTEKN COAST OF AMERICA. 349 



the suckers of the outer row are thus modified in the larger males. Of 

 the inner row a somewhat smaller number of suckers show distinct al- 

 teration, and these are less extensively altered; their pedicels are 

 swollen and their cups reduced, but not to so great an extent, and 

 usually none of the cups are entirely absent. 



In young males, with the mantle about 70 mm to 90 mm (young of the 

 previous year, or perhaps of the first year, when three to five months 

 old), these modifications of the suckers began to appear, at first very 

 indistinctly, by a slight enlargement of the bases of the pedicels and a 

 scarcely noticeable decrease in the size of the cups. In specimens with 

 the mantle 100 mm to 130 ram long (probably young of the previous year, 

 nine months to a year old) the modification of the suckers, though much 

 less marked than in the adults, is sufficiently distinct, the pedicels having 

 become distinctly longer and stouter, while the cups are evidently re- 

 duced in size, but none of them are abortive in such specimens. 



Loligo Pealei var. borealis Verrill. 



Plate XXVII, figure 1 (peu). Plate XXXII, figure 2 (anatomy). 



Since describing this variety, I have had opportunities to examine 

 a much larger series of specimens from Cape Ann. These show very 

 plainly that this form passes by intermediate gradations into the typical 

 form, so that it cannot be considered as anything more than a local or 

 geographical variety. The differences in the proportion of the fin to 

 the mantle, noticed in the original specimens, do not hold good with a 

 larger series. The only varietal character of much importance is the 

 relatively smaller suckers, and this is much less marked in most of the 

 later examples than in the former ones, and is a character that varies 

 greatly in the specimens from every locality.* 



In the original specimens the 'pen' (Plate XXVII, fig. 1), while having 

 the general form of that of L. Pealei, tapers more gradually anteriorly, 

 and has a narrower, more tapered, sharper, and stiffer anterior tip. 

 The variations in proportion are sufficiently indicated by the measure- 

 ments given in Tables A, B, and C, in which those specimens designated 

 as 2 G- to 5 G- were measured while fresh. The one marked An 9 is 

 from the lot originally described as variety borealis, and illustrates the 

 abnormally small size of the suckers. 



Loligo Pealei var. pallida Verrill. 



Plate XXVIII, figures 1-7. Plate XXIX, figure 1 (anatomy). 



This geographical variety or subspecies is distinguished from the 

 typical form chiefly by its shorter and stouter body in both sexes, its 

 broader and larger caudal fiu, and the larger size of the suckers, es- 

 pecially those of the tentacular club. 



The caudal fin is broad-rhomboidal, often as broad as long, or even 



* Probably those with, abnormally small tentacular suckers are instances in which 

 the arms, the clubs, or the suckers have been lost and afterwards reproduced, as ex- 

 plained below. 



