On the Scratches observed on the Rocks of Finland. 103 
I shall communicate to you at a later date, and before our large me- 
moir is prepared, the general table of the order of superposition of all the 
formations of Russia, with sections.* 
Accept, dear Sir, the assurance of the affection and esteem of your de- 
voted servant, 
Roperick Impry Murcuison, 
President of the Geological 
Society of London. 
To His Excellency M. Fischer de Waldheim. 
On the Scratches and Furrows observed on the Rocks of 
Finland. With a Map. 
In the Bulletin Scientifique of the Petersburg Academy 
(vol. vii. pp. 107 and 191), Mr Wilhelm Bohtlingk gives a 
preliminary report of the journey through Finland undertaken 
by him in the summer of 1839, which, among other interest- 
ing information, contains results that go to confirm and ex- 
tend the observations made by Sefstrém+ on the furrows or 
scratches on the rocks of Sweden. Everywhere during his 
journey from Petersburg along the Gulf of Finland to Hel- 
singfors, across the country to Gamla Carleby, along the 
Gulf of Bothnia to Tornea, up the river Kemi, over the low 
and marshy water shed at Niortitunturi, to Kola, along the 
coasts of Lapland washed by the Icy and White Seas, on the 
east side of the lakes of Onega and Ladoga, therefore as far 
as the primitive rocks extend, Mr Béhtlingk found the pro- 
jecting rocky eminences more or less polished, and exhibiting 
furrows or scratches, frequently with great distinctness, just 
as was observed by Sefstrém in Southern and Middle Sweden. 
In regard, however, to the direction of these scratches, Mr B. 
found that the facts by no means accorded with the view 
given by Sefstrém, viz. that a flood proceeding from north to 
south over the whole eastern half of the earth was the cause 
%* These documents, which were laid before His Imperial Highness in 
MS., are now in the hands of the engraver. 
+ See Edin. New Philosophical Journal, vol. xxiii. p. 69, and vol. xxix. 
p. 185; and Poggendorf’s Aunalen, vol. xliii. p. 533. 
