104 On the Scratches observed on the Rocks of inland. 
of the phenomena. For although the scratches over a large 
portion of the country visited by Mr Bohtlingk, viz. at the 
lakes Onega and Ladoga, in Southern Finland, and on the 
Gulf of Bothnia between Gamla Carleby and Tornea, exhi- 
bited a north-western direction, and presented to the north- 
west the polished side of the rocky eminences; yet quite the 
opposite phenomenon was met with on the coasts of the White 
Sea and the Icy Sea, for there the scratches ran from souwth- 
west or west, and the eminences were rounded and polished 
towards those directions. This feature occurs on the coast 
of the Icy Sea, from the Varangerfjord to the Sacred Pro- 
montory (Swiatot noss), Where not only the cliffs rising up 
from the sea, but also the rocks elevated to a height of a thou- 
sand feet, exhibit the action of diluvial fioods with a distinct- 
ness not to be mistaken, and where also behind narrow ravines 
and promontories there are a large number of Riesentépfe,* 
often of very considerable extent. One of the latter, at the 
entrance of the bay of Kola, is four yards in diameter, and 
two fathoms in depth. 
The map (Plate II.) gives, by means of arrows, a general 
idea of the diversity of directions of the scratches, and also 
shews by a dotted line the eastern boundary of the primitive 
rocks. From this distribution of the scratches, proceeding as 
it were from a centre, combined with other proofs, Mr Béht- 
linek draws the conclusion that these form part of one and 
the same phenomenon with the elevation of the Scandinavian 
primitive rocks. 
He controverts the opinion of the French geologist M. 
Robert, that the projections of the folia of the slates had 
been regarded as seratches of this kind, and he does so on the 
following grounds :—1. The direction of the scratches stands 
in no relation to the direction of the slaty structure. Ina 
Southern Finland the strata and plates of mica of the gneiss 
have an average E.NE. direction ; while the scratches have a 
N.NW. strike, therefore about right angles to the other. 2. 
* For an account of the Riesentépfe, see the article in this Journal al- 
ready quoted, vol. xxiii. p.72, and Poygendorf’s Annalen, vol. xxxyiii. p. 617. 
