the Sugar-Cane in Spain. 263 
through Spain” of the Rev. Joseph Townsend, which abounds 
with information on the agriculture and manufactures of the 
Peninsula, nor in the more superficial Narratives of Dillon, 
Swinburne, Semple, and Inglis, do we find any account of 
this branch of Spanish industry. Townsend contents himself 
with stating that the cultivation of the sugar-cane, of rice, 
and cotton, were introduced into Spain by the Moors; as were 
the manufactures of silk, paper, and gunpowder, when they 
were unknown to the rest of Europe. Dillon merely states 
that the sugar of Andalusia is equal to that of the West Indies, 
and gives the number of sugar-mills along the eastern coast. 
Swinburne repeats the story ; but neither traveller appears to 
have seen a sugar-plantation. Semple was in too great a 
hurry to observe them ; and Inglis is equally barren on this 
subject. The only modern traveller in Spain that has afforded 
any useful information on the cultivation of the sugar-cane in 
that country is Laborde, whose few remarks are scattered 
through the five volumes of his [¢ineraire. 
During a visit to Spain of several months, in the year 1814, 
among other objects of high interest, my attention was drawn 
to this branch of agriculture ; and I propose to lay before the 
Society my own observations, with some statistical remarks 
which I was permitted to extract from the memoranda of one 
of the most extensive sugar-planters in the Spanish Peninsula. 
The cultivation of sugar in the kingdom of Granada has 
been subject to many fluctuations during the two last centu- 
ries: often from the interference of an arbitrary government ; 
and once, at least, from religious persecution of one of the 
most enterprising planters, who died in the prisons of the In- 
quisition at Granada. It flourished exceedingly about 1808, 
when long continued maritime warfare had enhanced the price 
of colonial sugar. Sugar-plantations, both large and small, 
then abounded along the coast from Adra to the southward of 
Estepona ; and mills for crushing the canes, either moved by 
water-wheels or by mules, were established, especially at 
Adra, Motril, Salobrena, Almunecar, Frigiliana, Torrox, Ve- 
lezmalaga, Churriana, Torre de Molinos, M Hjas, Castillo di 
Fungirola, Marbella, and at Manilba, about 15 miles north of 
Gibraltar. Southward of Malaga, there were twelve of these 
