the Sugar-Cane in Spain. 267 
erees of Napoleon, the calculation of profits is not affected by 
the adventitious state of the commerce of the world conse- 
quent on those ebullitions of the Imperial hatred of Great 
Britain ; and they are more worthy of consideration, as pro- 
ceeding from an intelligent gentleman intimately conversant 
with the subject, and as conveying the only real statistical in- 
formation, that has fallen under my observation, on the culti- 
vation of the sugar-cane in Europe. 
* The Marbella Establishment, on the scale it is now car- 
ried on, yields in every current year, free of frost, after the 
tithes are paid, 4600 loaves of refined sugar; which, sold at the 
usual peace prices, and allowing for the value of the molasses, 
will bring at least 10 hard dollars per loaf, or 46,000 duros. 
To produce this quantity, it is necessary to have 120 fanegadas 
of good rich land under canes.* Only one-half, however, of 
this land can be cut annually, so that the produce above stated 
is obtained from 60 fanegadas. But, to be so productive, the 
land must be fully manured, the canes must be well cleaned 
and hoed, and the irrigation carefully performed ; under these 
circumstances, 60 fanegadas will readily afford that quantity 
of sugar and molasses, or even more. 
The first planting of the canes is, however, very. expen- 
sive, amounting to 200 duros per fanegada. But if this opera- 
tion be judiciously conducted, the annual cost of maintaining: 
the plantation, of hoeing and weeding the canes, of replanting 
the perished roots after every cutting, and again manuring the 
land, which must be done after every crop, will not exceed 
75 duros per fanegada. 
Our labour is performed at a very cheap rate. The daily 
pay of each labourer is,— 
For six months, = 7 Reales Vellon, = 1s. 73d. 
For four activemonths = 8 R. V. = ls. 10d. 
For two hottest months = 11 R. V. = 2s. 64d. 
They receive no maintenance, but find themselves in food and 
other necessaries. 
To make the plantation profitable, a sufficiency of water 
* A fanega de tierra, or fanegada, is = 25,920 Spanish fect ; or eight fane- 
gadas are rather less than fiye English acres. Duro is the silyer dollar. 
