12 Dr Davy's Meteorological Observations. 



too was free from ice ; its temperature, about midway on the 

 16Hh. was 35° ; close to Rydal lake it was 38°. The lower 

 part of this lake, from ^\ hence the Rotha issued, was frozen 

 over ; the upper and larger portion of it was free from ice. 

 It receives a stream, which may be called the upper Rotha, 

 from the larger and deeper lake of Grasmere ; the space be- 

 tween the two being about half-a-mile. This river, too, was 

 free from ice ; its temperature was about 37°, 38° ; and the 

 latter, even within a few feet of its outlet, flowing from under 

 ice. Being deeper than Rydal lake, Grasmere is commonly 

 less readily frozen ; but now it was an exception, almost the 

 whole of it was frozen, and the ice was so thick as to bear, 

 all but a small upper portion, and that far fi-om the deepest, 

 where the principal stream that feeds it enters. The tempe- 

 rature of this stream was 36° just whei'e it enters the lake. 

 Here, it was tolerably free from ice, a little appearing only 

 at its margin, where its course was not rapid. This river, 

 which may still be considered as the Rotha, is formed by the 

 junction of two rivulets, one descending from Dunmail Raise, 

 and the other through Easedale, in part from the tarn of the 

 same name. Both beyond their junction were a good deal 

 encumbered with ice ; but the former was least so, where it 

 flows out of Easedale tarn, which is higher, by six or seven 

 hundred feet, than Grasmere ; and which, at the time, was 

 so completely and strongly frozen, that I walked straight 

 across it. The water, flowing at its outlet from under the 

 thick ice — thick to its very margin where it met the water — 

 was 36°, ascertained standing on the ice itself ; and a invf 

 feet lower, where confined by rocks and running rapidly 

 (that coming from the depth of the tarn, and from near the 

 ice, being mixed), was 37°, 38". The small mountain stream 

 that fed this tarn, and which descended from another five or 

 six hundred feet higlier, ran under ice ; it was heai'd, but not 

 seen. Breaking througli its protecting covering, its tempe- 

 rature was found to be 35°. Ascending to the higher tarn, 

 Coddle tarn, it, as might be expected, presented itself in the 

 same frozen state as Easedale tarn, with its small feeder 

 vaulted with ice. This, just before its entrance, was found 

 to be 33° ; whilst the little sti*eam, that flowed out, was 35°, 



