Northern and Central Turkey. 65 



univalves ; and lastly, a quartzose sandstone with fragments of 

 Pinna and other organic remains. 



At three leagues north of Gerlo, after passing over tertiary 

 molasse, which is superimposed on old compact limestone, we 

 suddenly enter an inconsiderable tract of country covered with 

 small dome-shaped hiUs of dolerite, or rather of an augitic 

 porphyry-tufa, like that of Southern Tyrol. Red, green, and 

 black are the -chief colours of the tufas which occur a league S. 

 and S. S. E. of Niemele, in the Novocelsko Rieka valley. 



I observed a very beautiful augite porphyry and tufa still 

 more to the north and west, at a league's distance from Niemele 

 on the road to Scharkoe ; and, among the hills on the north and 

 west of the road, some lofty precipices indicate similar deposits. 

 The same rocks, and particularly tufa, constitute a series of 

 hiUs N. W. of Sharkoe, from within three-fourths of a league of 

 that town to the inn of Czernoklishki-han. The river of Sharkoe 

 has cut its way through these rocks, and the high road passes 

 over the first hiU, the river being bordered by precipices. 



A great trachytic chain seems to exist in Macedonia, south 

 of Gafadartzi ; it may possibly be connected with the chain to 

 the E. of Vodena, and Avith those trachytic conglomerate hills 

 Avhich form an extensive but low range to the south of Vodena, 

 extending to the east and west of the Vistritza river. In these 

 hills I observed not only trachytic conglomerates, but also pu- 

 mice conglomerates. The pumice rock borders the marshy 

 plain. 



In more Eastern Turkey, trachytic or igneous deposits seem 

 to abound ; not only on the Bosphorus, as is well known, but 

 probably also in some small hiUs not far from Eski-Sagra on 

 the road to Adrianople, as Major Hauslab presumed. True, 

 great basaltic deposits do not exist in European Turkey. 



As intimately connected \vith the igneous rocks, I must men- 

 tion the great quantity of Jiot springs in that country. They 

 are always in the vicinity of trachytic or sienitic rocks, and are 

 almost all impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen. They 

 appear to be distributed chiefly in three lines, two of which run 

 N— S., and the other E.— W. On the N.— S. line, which 

 runs through Eastern Scrvia, we find Mehadia in the Bannat, 

 Banja near Brestowaz, Banja north of Alexinitza, SverUk Ir 



VOL. XXIIT. NO. XLV.— JULY 1837. E 



