66 Dr Boue on the Geography and Geology of 



the Timok Basin, Banja near Nissa, Ribare two leagues from 

 Kruschevacz ut the base of the Jastrebacz, Toplitza near 

 Kurchuiuli. On the N. — S. line in the west of Servia, I only 

 know Banja in the Iligaska—rieka half a league E. N. E. from 

 Novibazar ; but some hot springs in Middle Hungary and in 

 Macedonia occur on that line. 



On the southern side of the central chain in Turkey we find, 

 at the foot of the Hcemus, Aidos, Banja four leagues west of 

 Kaloyer on the road, from Schipka to Philippopolis ; farther 

 east, Banja near Kostanitz, Kostendil, Banja on the Vardar 

 (north of Koprili), Banja near Demir Kapi. Similar springs 

 also occur at Novo-Celo near Istip, S. E. of Salonichi near 

 Langasa, and between Sedes and Vasilika ; and south of Ad- 

 rianople there is Thermolitza. 



The sulphuretted hydrogen of these waters is sometimes as- 

 sociated with a httle carbonic acid, an alkaline salt, and per- 

 haps also nitrogen. At Banja near Nissa, and at Banja near 

 Alexinitza, I could scarcely detect any sulphuretted hydrogen 

 on employing the proper reagents. The temperature of these 

 waters, however, was not so great as that of the others, so that 

 it may be supposed the sulphuretted hydrogen had more time 

 to escape before the water issued from the earth. At Kosten- 

 dil I found the temperature of some springs to be as foUoAvs, 

 viz. the spring used for washing 1C3°6 (F.), the water in a 

 basin in a garden 153°3, a spring near a mosque or Turkish 

 church 155°75, and in another place IST^TS. The Novibazar 

 water gave only 110°75. At Banja near Nissa, an extensive 

 deposit of travertine shews the great quantity of carbonic acid 

 gas formerly contained in these tepid waters ; and, in bathing, 

 one feels that the gas which is evolved is warmer than the wa- 

 ter. The spring is so abundant as to be able to turn a mill : 

 it rises from a secondary limestone hill, as is also the case with 

 the water of Banja near Alexinitza. The others rise from 

 older transition or crystalline slates : at Novo-Celo the water 

 issues from granite. The acidulated cold waters have a diffe- 

 rent distribution, being confined chiefly to the primary (transi- 

 tion) region, as in Servia at Hassan-Pascha-Palanka, Bukova 

 near Verbitza (north of Kragojevacz), Slatina near Verbnitza 

 three leagues S. W. of Kruschevacz, on the western side of the 



