Northern and Central Turkey. 67 



Ibar opposite to Rudnitza, Lepenicza near Korpina between 

 Bosna-Seraj and Traunik in Bosnia, Detschiani in Albania, at 

 a place one and a half leagues south of Kacsanik in the bed of 

 the Pepentz. At Detschiani the water issues from the junction 

 of the serpentine and slate. The Hassa-Pascha-Palanka water 

 is very like the Seltzer water, and the water of Bukova is 

 slightly ferruginous. There is also acidulated water and a fer- 

 i-uginous spring near Kalkandel. Some saline waters occur in 

 Eastern Bosnia at Tuzla, W. N. W. of Zwornik, and at Sla- 

 tina N. W. of Banjaluka. 



Few vietaUlfcrous deposits are known in Turkey, and neither 

 ^the Turks nor Christians like to sliow mines, as they are afraid 

 of being obliged to work them, I was positively informed by 

 the country people that silver mines occur in the Tschardagh 

 range, two leagues from Tetovo. The mines of Karatova have 

 been already mentioned. Argentiferous galena is worked near 

 Laregovi, and at Maden, fourteen leagues to the S. E. of Sa- 

 lonichi : in the Alps of Rilo there seem also to be mines or 

 metals. All these metallic deposits, with the exception of those 

 of Karatova, occur in crystalline slates. In Servia there occur, 

 in the vicinity of the sienilic porphyry or sienite, deposits of 

 iron, copper, and lead, which were worked by the Austrian 

 government in the last century. The chief metallic districts 

 at present are, Rudnik, Maidanpek, and Szokol, where the ga- 

 lena occurs in limestone. We saw a small vein at Visoka, one 

 league N. E. of Ripain : it is a quartziferous porphyry like that 

 of Vorijspatak in Transylvania, containing pyrites and hydrate 

 of iron, and occurs in slate in contact Avith compact limestone. 

 In Bosnia there are some places where metals could be worked 

 with advantage. I allude to iron and argentiferous galena, and 

 even gold, as in the Slatibor hill on the borders of the Uschize 

 district. There are some mines at Maidan, Brunzeny, Stari- 

 Maidan, and IMaidan west of Banjaluka ; and I may remark 

 that I was shown some specimens of iron-ores from that coun- 

 try. At one and a half leagues to the east of Egri-Palanka in 

 Romclia, we visited some very picturesque lavages, established 

 for procuring the octahedral iron-ore, which is disseminated in 

 almost imperceptible crystals in a decomposed slate. A stream 

 of water is made to fall on the rocks, to enable the workmen 



