On the S'lvather'mm. 199 



position somewhat confirmed by the additional remarks of these gentlemen 

 that the cranium, though mutilated in its parietal, region, appeared, in the 

 junction of the parietals with the frontal, to resemble that of the ox. In the 

 giraffe, on the contrary, the occiput is rather contracted than dilated, and 

 shews no appearance of the lateral protuberances of the Sivatherhim ; again, 

 the frontal, which in part supports the epiphyses of its false horns, is far from 

 reaching the occipital region of the head. 



Zd, The forehead is especially very remarkable in the Sivatherhim, not only 

 by its breadth, and by the deep excavation of its upper part, but still more 

 in that between the orbits, and somewhat above and behind them ; there 

 springs from a broad base, and insensibly from the frontal, two large addi- 

 tional protuberances which are short, conical, smooth, and with ridges which 

 diverge from each other, and project obliquely forward. On the other hand, 

 there is nothing the least corresponding to this in the giraffe ; and, on the 

 contrary, its forehead, instead of being broad and excavated, is rounded, and 

 rises into a kind of mesial crest, or compressed protuberance, which supports 

 the mesial horn-shaped epiphysis so characteristic of this animal. 



Ath, As it regards the processes or prolongations with which the cranium is 

 supplied, there could, if possible, be still less resemblance, whether we refer 

 to their number, their position, or their structure. In the Sivatherimn true 

 horns unquestionably existed, for the bony prolongations are continued with- 

 out interruption into the frontal bone ; and if in the figure it appears that the 

 stump of the right side is separated by a suture, yet on more minute exami- 

 nation it will be found that this is truly a partial fracture, and that there is 

 no trace of the appearance on the other side. Besides, these horns were either 

 to the number of two or four, two being supra-orbital, and two sub-occipital, 

 as in the Antelope fjuadricornis. In the giraffe, on the other hand, there are 

 no horns properly so called, but the skin uplifted, so to speak, in two or three 

 places, according to the sex, is supported by peculiar epiphyses, which, 

 though vascular, are always full, and have more resemblance to the branches 

 of the stag than to a horn, being always more or less hollow, and having a 

 communication with the frontal sinuses. Besides, these frontal prolongations 

 are in the giraffe three in number, one quite mesial in the centre of the fore- 

 head, and the others placed laterally on the fronto-parietal suture. 



5th, The orbits in the Sivatherium, as in the giraffe and all the ungulata, 

 are widely distant or separated from each other ; but they are moreover very 

 small in the first named animal, and the plane of their aperture is altogether 

 lateral, whilst in the other they are very large, and antero-lateral, a difference 

 which must have very conspicuously altered the appearance of the animals. 



6th, In the Sivatherium the face is short, broad, and,massive, somewhat re- 

 sembling what we see in the elephant ; whilst in most other ruminants, and in 

 the giraffe in particular, it is altogether the reverse. 



Tth, The bones of the nose are short and arched, and project much beyond 

 the posterior margin of the nasal fossa in the Sivatherium, which makes it 

 somewhat resemble the rhinoceros, and especially in the figure, on account of 

 the mutilated state of the muzzle ; whilst in the giraffe, on the contrary, these 

 bones are very long and broad behind, and attenuated and bifurcated before, 

 scarcely extending beyond the posterior origin of the nasal fossa. 



