200 On the Sivatherlum. 



Sth, The zygomatic arches are not at all prominent ; they are long, and 

 project forward to join the corresponding process of the cheek-bone, (jugal), 

 a construction which is likewise found in the giraffe and other ruminants ; but 

 which, we may remark in passing, in no respect agrees \vith the figure, which 

 represents the zygomatic arch as broad, thick, and having a certain resem- 

 blance to that of the rhinoceros ; it ought, however, to be added, that the 

 parts are not very distinctly seen. 



Qth, Finally, The molar teeth, six in number, as in all the ruminants, and 

 having a very close resemblance with those of the camel, are notwithstanding 

 much more thick and broad ; and besides, the posterior three exhibit the form 

 of across at the inner side of their triturating surface, which, in place of sim- 

 ply bending, is arranged in zig-zag, or in deep sinuosities, somewhat as in the 

 Elasmolheriam, and even in the Anoplotherium, a construction to which there 

 is nothing similar in the giraffe, nor in any other ruminant with which we are 

 now acquainted. 



In conclusion, I may remark, it would be a ver^- easy matter to adduce other 

 proofs of the inaccuracy of the propositions of M. GeofFroy, extracting them 

 either from the memoir already quoted, or by farther extending the com- 

 parison between the head of the Sivatherhtm and that of the giraffe ; but, to 

 cut short the discussion, I will only again refer to the copy here given ofthe 

 figure supplied by Messrs Falcpner and Cautley, which has been taken 

 from a head somewhat mutilated both before and behind, of which all the 

 sutures, being completely united, demonstrates that the animal was more 

 than adult, and will contrast with it that of a giraffe, which is much reduced 

 in size. I trust that this will at once demonstrate that the Sivalherium was 

 really a most extraordinary looking animal; in short, an immense kind of 

 antelope, still more hideous than tlie Gnu {Anlilojie gnu, L.), with a short 

 and heavy head, with an elevated cranium, and very broad especially behind, 

 sustaining probably two pair of horns, one, the smaller set, in front, and 

 the other quite behind as in the aurochs, with the face and figure of the 

 rhinoceros, having small lateral eyes, and undoubtedly with great lips, and 

 perhaps even a nasal proboscis, as Messrs Falconer and Cautley imagine ; and 

 whose neck and extremities must have been in proportion, that is to say, ro- 

 bust and strong, and far from high, which in all respects is the very opposite 

 to what exists iu the giraffe ; an animal the whole of whose organization, in- 

 cluding its relative proportion and its peculiar gait, indicate the inhabitant of 

 a vastly extended country of plains and forests, and not at all of a mountain, 

 ous region". 



* Messrs Falconer and Cautley, in the valuable volume of the " Asiatic Re- 

 searches'' above quoted, give an interesting description, with figures, of the fossil re- 

 mains of a Camel which they consider to be a different species from the Bactrian 

 Camel and Dromedarj ; they assume it to be extinct, and name it Camelus Sivalensis. 

 They further describe a new fossil Tiger, (their Felis cristata'), size of the common 

 tiger; a new sub-genus of Hippopotamus, of which two species are described ; a gi- 

 gantic but new species of Ursus, their Ursis Sivalensit, and new fossil Crocodile, and 



fossil Ghavlal all from the Sivalik tertiary Hills. In the September number for 



1836 of Journal of A»iatic Society of Calcutta, there is a series of notices of " Smal- 

 ler fosiil Carnivora," found in the Sub-Hamalyas by Messrs Barker and Durant. They 

 describe, as probably extinct animals, species of the genera Ftlis, Gulo and Viilpes. 



