368 Prof. Bischoff' on the Temperature of 



genstecher will add to his valuable experiments above mentioned, 

 some experiments on some others of these springs, and then we 

 shall be able to ascertain, whether the minimum of carbonate of 

 lime in them is greater than in the water of the Lutschine or 

 not. Not being in possession of such information, we will en- 

 deavour to answer this question beforehand, from other fresh- 

 water springs rising out of the limestone rocks, and whose con- 

 tents of carbonate of lime are known. 



In 10,000 parts of a fresh-water spring, which rises out of 

 the calcareous sinter near the Laacher See, I found 0.947 parts 

 of carbonate of lime. In the Pader, which is formed by the 

 union of a great number of fresh-water springs which rise out 

 of the limestone at Paderhorn, I found 2.5259 parts, and in the 

 Lippe, which also rises out of the limestone, 2.265 parts of car- 

 bonate of lime. Schiibler* found in the water, which issues from 

 the limestone quarries of the Wurtemberg Alp, from 1.3 to 2.6 

 parts of lime, and in a fresh-water spring, which rises out of 

 the same Hmestone, 2.2 parts. Several of the rivers of that 

 country, as the NecTcar, the Ammer, and others, gave him from 

 3 6 to 4.5 parts of carbonate of lime. All these waters contain, 

 therefore, much more carbonate of lime, from twice to ten times 

 as much, as the water of the Lutschine. -f If, then, the springs, 

 which rise also out of the limestone, and unite beneath the 

 lower glacier at Grindelzoakl, contain at least so much carbo- 

 nate of lime as the poorest of these springs, it would follow, that 

 at the time when Pagenstecher analyzed the water of the Lnt- 

 schine, it was mixed with more than an equal quantity of glacier- 

 water. But as, according to Ziegler, the melting of the glacier 

 could no longer be perceived, we may conclude, that the glacier 

 continued nevertheless to melt away from underneath in its in- 

 terior, where the cold of the atmosphere could not penetrate. 



The currents of air in the channels in the glaciers may be 

 compared with the ventilation in mines, for they are produced 



* Kastner's Archiv. T. v. p. 1. 



t Even in the Laacher See, a lake situated in a volcanic crater, and rest- 

 ing in some places on greywacke and clay-slate, far from any limestone rocks, 

 I found 0.4030 parts carbonate of lime in 10,000 parts of water, which is 

 nearly as much as was found in the water of the Lutschine. 



