Aboriginal Race of America. 165 
by the proper Mongols of Central and Eastern Asia; and 
volumes have been written on supposed affinities, physical, 
moral, and intellectual, to sustain this hypothesis. We have 
already glanced at the Mongolian features, as seen, though 
rudely and extravagantly developed, in the Polar nations ; but 
there are some characters so prevalent as to pervade all the 
ramifications of the great Mongolian stock, from the repul- 
sive Calmuck to the polished and more delicately featured 
Chinese. These are the small, depressed, and seemingly 
broken nose ; the oblique position of the eye, which is drawn 
up at the external angle; the great width between the cheek 
bones, which are not only high, but expanded laterally ; the 
arched and linear eyebrow; and, lastly, the complexion, 
which is invariably some shade of yellow or olive, and almost 
equally distant from the fair tint of the European and the 
red hue of the Indian. Without attempting a detailed com- 
parison, we may briefly observe that the Mongolian, in his 
various localities, is distinguished for his imitative powers 
and mechanical ingenuity, and for a certain degree of nauti- 
eal skill, in which, as we have suggested, he holds a place 
next to the nations of the Caucasian race. In fine, we are 
constrained to believe that there is no more resemblance be- 
tween the Indian and Mongol, in respect to arts, architecture, 
mental features and social usages, than exists between any 
other two distinct races of mankind. Mr Ranking has writ- 
ten an elaborate treatise to prove that the Mongols, led by 
a descendant of Genghis Khan, conquered Peru and Mexico 
in the thirteenth century ; but in the whole range of English 
literature there cannot be found a work more replete with 
distorted facts and illogical reasoning. The author begins 
by the singular assertion that ‘‘ when Cuzco was founded by 
Manco Capac, none of the civilization introduced by the 
Peruvians and Mexicans was in existence ;” thus overlook- 
ing the cultivated tribes who preceded the Inca family, and 
disregarding also the various demi-civilized nations which 
_ successively followed each other in Mexico, before that coun- 
try fell under the rule of the Aztecs.* Mr Ranking intro- 
* Crania Americana, p. 96. 
