which afford a Passage to Bivers. 37 



lers along the banks. In this place, the army of 10,000 

 Greeks, under the command of Xenophon, were arrested in 

 their march along the banks of the Tigris, and obliged to pass 

 the Cardusian mountains on the right, in order to cross the 

 elevated plain of Armenia, and reach the shores of the Black 

 Sea. 



Among the Siberian rivert;, the Upper Irtisch has its 

 sources in the great Altai mountains ; it flows into the lake 

 Oz-Nor-Za'isan (Lat. 47° N.), into which five other rivers 

 discharge themselves. The Irtisch again issues towards the 

 north, traverses a chain of mountains, the eastern part of 

 which bears the name of the Lesser Altai, and the western 

 that of the mountains of Beszka. 



The river Yenisei likewise crosses the continuation of the 

 same chain of mountains nfore to the east, and passes between 

 the Lesser Altai mountains and those of Sayansk. We thus 

 perceive that the two rivers named have a part of their sources 

 on the northern margin of the great plain of Central Asia, 

 and cut asunder the mountain-chain which forms its reverse ; 

 their base is contracted between steep banks. 

 . According to the great map of Asia by Arrowsmith, the In- 

 dus or Seind has its sources in Little Thibet, some of them 

 coming from the north-west, others from the south-east. 

 These streams unite, in order to pass together the chain of 

 mountains which border India on the north. In tlie place 

 where the Indus crosses it, it bears the name of the Indian 

 Caucasus on the north-west, and the country of Cashmire on 

 the south-east. 



Tlie Sutlej (Setledje) crosses this same chain of mountains 

 more to the south-east, where it bears the name of Hinnnalaya. 

 The Sutlej then turns towards the W.S.W. on its way to join 

 the Indus. When crossing the mountains, it flows very near 

 the sources of the Ganges. 



Three of the rivers of Nepaul cross the chain of the Him- 

 malaya, and, consetiuently, their sources are beyond it ; they 

 discharge themselves into the Ganges. 



The Brahmaputra, whose mouths are very near those of 

 the Ganges, has a very different course. Its sources are on 

 the northern declivity of the Hinnnalaya Mountains, l)cing se- 

 l)arHted from those of the Ganges only by this mountain range. 



