82 M. Kupffer's Meteorological Observations made at 



because I think that, hereafter, an attentive examination of 

 these observations, taken separately, or compared with obser- 

 vations executed elsewhere, will discover many interesting re- 

 lations, connections not yet remarked among the values which 

 they offer. Meteorology, in order to establish its reasonings 

 on a solid basis, has hitherto been almost exclusively occupied 

 with means ; it has not yet entered into details of the daily 

 values which compose them : but a time will come, and per- 

 haps is not far distant, when the meteorological phenomena of 

 every day, their succession, their mutual dependence, their co- 

 incidence in many proximate points, then* limited extent, in a 

 word, those daily expressions of climate which exercise so 

 great an influence on the well-being of society, will excite a 

 higher influence than the means of temperature, of barome- 

 trical height, and of humidity, the discussion of which will be 

 reserved for more abstract study. 



" The meteorological observations of jM. AVisniewsky com- 

 prise 13 complete years from 1822 to 1834. The days are rec- 

 koned according to the new style, although it is not yet adopted 

 in Russia. The calculations I have undertaken, or caused to be 

 undertaken under my eyes, refer principally to the barometri- 

 cal and thermometrical means, to the influence of the winds 

 on these means, and to the influence of the moon on the height 

 of the barometer. The results of these calculations precede 

 the observations themselves, a collection of which will be found 

 at the end of this memoir." 



We shall now proceed to detail some of the results. We 

 shall begin with the barometrical heights, which have all been 

 reduced to the temperature of 63°. 5 Fahr.* 



The mean barometrical pressm'e deduced from 13 years' 

 obsen^ation is 29.9 inches English. t The mean of the maxi- 

 ma heights of each month has been 30.5 inches ; the mean of 

 the minima heights 29.26 inches. The greatest barometrical 

 height dm-ing the 13 consecutive years has been 31.29 ; it 



* It is right to mention, that the thermometric and barometric numbers 

 given in this paper have all teen reduced to tlie English scale. — Ed. 



t This same height, the temperature of the aiercuiy being 32°, is 

 29,887. 



