BOTANY. 2 I 



predominating- forms arc not only coniferous evergreens, but consist 

 mainly of Spruce. Hemlock, and Balsam — all representatives of the 

 genus Abies. Tall Pines, at intervals, rear their lofty summits above 

 the level of surrounding tree-tops, fragrant Cedars overhang the lake- 

 shores and swamps, delicate Tamaracks wave over the soft grassy 

 bottoms of Beaver meadows, dense thickets of tangled Alders border 

 many of the streams and rivers, hardy Birches and light Poplars are 

 scattered sparingly upon the mountain-sides and in the valleys, and 

 areas of hard timber, indicating second growth, mark tracts that have 

 been bared by fire, wind, or the woodman's axe. These hardwood 

 areas are readily distinguished, at a distance, by the marked contrast 

 afforded by the light color and different aspect of the foliage, in sum- 

 mer, and by their nakedness in winter. They are composed, chiefly, 

 of Maple, Beech, and Birch. 



The common forest trees of the Adirondacks are : the American 

 Linden or Bass Wood iyTilia Americana), Sugar Maple {^Acer sac- 

 charinuni). Black Sugar Maple {A. saccharimun nigrzcm), Red or 

 Swamp Maple (A. rubruni), Black Cherry [Priiims serotina), Beech, 

 (Fagus ferrtiginea\ Iron Wood [Ostrya Virgiiiica), Cherry Birch 

 [Betula lenta), Yellow Birch [B. hctea), Paper or Canoe Birch [B. pa- 

 Pyracea), American Aspen [Popidiis tremitloides). Large-toothed As- 

 pen i^P. grafididentata), White Pine [Pimis stivbits). Red or '' Nor- 

 way" Pine (/*. 1%'sinosa — common only in certain localities, not gen- 

 erally distributed). Black Spruce [Abies ?iigra), White Spruce (A. 

 alba), Hemlock [A. Canadcjisis), Balsam Fir [A. balsaniea). Tamarack 

 or 'L^ivch. [Larix Americajia), White Cedar or Arbor Vitse [Thuja 

 occidentalis). Besides these occur the following, which are rare, or 

 are common only along the borders of the region : Locust [Robinia 

 pseiidacacia), White Ash [Fraximis Ainericand), Black Ash [F. sam- 

 bucifolia), Elm [Ulmus Americana), Slippery Elm [U.fulva), Butter- 

 nut [Jtiglans cinerea), Swamp Hickory [Caiya ainara), three or more 

 Oaks [Qnercus), Balsam Poplar or Tacamahac [Popiilns balsam if era), 

 Pitch Pine [Pinns rigida), and Juniper [Junipems Virginiana). 



