BIRDS OF THE ADJOINING LOWER COUNTRY. I ^5 



lages of Pine Hill and Bio- Indian, some of the named species were 

 somewhat common and familiar, while in the main valley where the 

 settlers' cottages were few and scattered their habits were as above 

 indicated. 



These facts seem to show a tendency toward primitive habits so 

 long as the original and natural predominate over the artificial in 

 surroundings, and the adoption of artificial habits (if the term may be 

 employed) when similiar conditions prevail. 



Ere proceeding with the individual treatment of the birds observed 

 it may be well to glance at the character of the lowland between the 

 mountains and the Hudson, at the same time remembering that along 

 the valley of this river, not many miles farther down, occur, as regu- 

 lar and, in most cases, common summer residents, such species 

 among the land birds as : the Worm -eating, Blue- winged Yellow, 

 Golden-winged, and Hooded Warblers {^HclmmthoiJicriis vcnnivorons, 

 Helminthophila pinnSy H. chrysoptera, and Myiodiodcs luitrattis), the 

 Yellow-breasted Chat [Icterta vircns), the Large-billed Water 

 Thrush [Siurzis niotacilla), the Rough-winged Swallow {Stelgzdop- 

 teiyx scrripennis), and, less commonly, other species of limited north- 

 ward ranore.* 



In correspondence from Mr. John Burroughs, the following species 

 are given as occurring at Esopus-on- Hudson, but not inland among 

 the mountains : — 



White- eyed Vireo {^Virco Noveboraccnsis). Common. 



Eish Crow iyCorviis inaritij)i?es).'\ Common ; breeds. 



Che wink [Pipilo ciythrophthalnuis). Common. 



Great Crested Elycatcher {^Myiarc/ms crinitiis). Breeds. 



Orchard Oriole [Icterus spurius). Breeds. 



Mourning Dove [Zenaidura Carolinensis). Common. 



* See "A List of the Birds of Hudson Highlands," by E. A. Mearns (Bulletin Essex Institute, 

 vols. X-XIII). 



f The Fish Crow has not before been reported from so far north in this State, and in reply to in- 

 quiries concerning its occurrence, Mr. Burroughs sent me the following particulars: " The Fish Crow 



