AK( TOMVS MON'AX. 149 



distance (commonl)- from lo to 25 feet, or 3.048 to 7.620 metres). 

 Two or more short lateral branches are Lj'enerally given off from the 

 main galler\-, and lead, sloping upward and then downward, to the 

 more or less circular chambers that contain the animal's nests. It 

 has been ni)- invariable experience to find these chambers above 

 the level of the bottom of the entrance incline, and I have seen one 

 that was within a foot and a half (.457 metres) of the surface. 

 The nest itself is usually composed of dr)' grasses and leaves, 

 and rarely exceeds a foot in diameter.* 



It not infrecjuently happens, where there are two surface open- 

 ings, that the main gallery takes the form of a more or less irregu- 

 lar semicircle, with one or more lateral branches of considerable 

 length; both ends of the main gallery coming to the surface. 



During the last week of April or first of May, the W'oodchuck 

 commonly gives birth to from four to six young. A nest which was 

 dug out May i ith, 1884, contained two young, whose eyes and ears 

 were not yet open, though the animals were well haired. Each 

 measured two hundred and five millimetres in lencrth, and weig^hed 

 one hundred and sixty-seven grammes. The nest w-as one metre 

 below the surface, and w^as connected with the main burrow by a 

 steeply sloping branch. 



When unexpectedly surprised at close quarters the Woodchuck 

 utters a loud, shrill, and tremulous whistle that pierces the ear and 

 evokes from the intruder an involuntary movement or exclamation, 

 even though he may have been similarly startled many times before.f 



The Woodchuck is pre-eminently a terrestrial animal, usually 

 spending the whole of his life in or upon the ground, yet some 

 ambitious individuals, prompted either by choice or necessity. 



* The main gallery or one of its branches commonly terminates in a slight excavation which is 

 found to contain the animal's excrement. No other of the lower animals with which I am acquaint- 

 ed constructs a special receptacle for the deposit and accumulation of its dejections. 



-f Dr. Coues speaks of this note as "The merry whistle of the woodchuck at the mouth of its 

 burrow " (Familiar Science, Vol. V, No. 12, Dec, 1S78, p. 230.), but I am unable to conceive how 

 a sudden cry of alarm can be construed into a " merry whistle." 



