346 Major Bailey's Forest Tour in Provence and Cevennes. 



holes are dug by a gang of men ■working with a very handy 

 implement, something like a mattock, one blade of which 

 is a pick and the other a turf-cutter. The men are 

 followed by women, who put in the seedlings, which are 

 very deeply planted, the earth covering a considerable 

 portion of the stem, in order to protect it from exposure ; 

 little w^alls of turf and stones, similar to those previously 

 described, being made to protect the plants from the wind. 

 A pjrevious attempt to plant Pinus montana on this ground 

 failed entirel3^ On our way back to Genolhac we saw a 

 place where the broom was being cut down in horizontal 

 bands, in order to admit of the ground being planted up. 

 We also observed another locality, at an altitude of 2000 feet, 

 where the cluster pine, aged from fifteen to twenty years, 

 was either dead or dying from want of protection against 

 wind, and P. Laricio was being planted to replace it. On 

 the opposite side of the valley, however, it was growing 

 well at the same level, under the protection of a spur; cedar 

 being mixed with the pine in the proportion of one to 

 three. The cluster pine must have shelter from cold 

 winds, or it does not flourish at all. On nearing Genolhac, 

 a factory was pointed out to us in which a silk-dye is 

 extracted from the wood of the Spanish chestnut. 



Next day we commenced our return journey, the line of 

 railway passing through the volcanic region of the depart- 

 ment of Ardeche, and entering the valley of the Ehone at 

 Teil, whence we passed northwards by way of Lyons and 

 Dijon to Nancy. 



