446 Mr Eattray on the Distribution of 



ciliaris—di somewhat rare form, but found sometimes 

 epipliytic on the also somewhat rare Phyllopliora traillii 

 {e.g., at Kilrenny), occurs. Sphacelaria plumigera, Sacco- 

 rliiza hulhosa (upper limit, e.g., at Inchkeith), Ptilota 

 elegans{e.g., Dunbar, Pitteuweem), OdoniliaUa dentata {e.g., 

 Inchcolm, Inchmickery, Inchkeith, Fidra), and Phyllophora 

 brodicei, are also noteworthy, as well as Phyllophora rubens, 

 Griffithsia corcdlina, and Delcsseria sanguinea. The curi- 

 ous mammillated Leathesia tuheriformis is present, but 

 is not specially abundant, its maximum of development 

 as an epiphyte on CorcdUna officincdis being some 

 feet above low-water mark, especially in some rock 

 crannies. The delicate filamentous Litosiphon larainarice 

 occurs here at Fifeness, as well as Melohesia laminarice. 

 Mcsogloia vermicularis, Poly ides rotundus, Furcelaria fasti- 

 giata, Cerariiium rubrum, and C. diaphanum are also to be 

 found from Inchkeith eastwards. Chondrus cj^ipiis abounds 

 in most localities, and Cystoclonium purpurcLScens is found 

 here from Inchcolm to the May Island, as well as from 

 Caroline Park and Seafield Tower to the east. Callitham- 

 nion arhuscula is especially abundant in this and higher 

 zones on the Bass Eock, while on the May Island Ccdli- 

 thamnion polyspermum is also very frequent. 



From the abundance of Sphacelarise and Griffithsiae here 

 this may be designated the Sphacelaria-Griffi^thsia area, 

 and as characteristic species the Sphacelaria pjlumigera, 

 Grifjithsia corallina, G. setacea may be noted. It moreover 

 must be looked upon as the inferior limit of the littorcd 

 region of Kjellman. 



From this to the next in order — the CorcdUna area — there 

 is an easy and gradual transition. This new belt may be 

 looked upon as embracing the section of coast line lying- 

 bet ween the level of three-quarter tide and low-water mark. 

 It is especially characterised by an exuberant growth of 

 Lmthesia tuheriformis on the western shore of the May 

 Island. The abundance of Corallina officinalis here is also 

 no less striking, Fuci (especially F. vesicidosus), are 

 common, and Dumoniia filiformis is represented, though 

 not so abundantly as in that next to follow. The effect 

 of fresh water streamlets in producing a twisted, irregu- 

 larly corkscrew-like appearance in this alga at this level, 



