4 FRULLANIA, 
jugs, foliis majores, lobulo majore et evoluto, sepe dentatz lacinia- 
teve, intime in aliis speciebus in cyathum altum, angulatum con- 
nate. Perianthia semper fere emersa, trigona, angulo tertio postico, 
vel tetragona, angulis posticis binis; facie antica convexa medio 
sepe sulcata, in aliis unicarinata, interdum—in subgenere Chonan- 
thelia, rarissime in aliis—e plicis interpositis pluriplicata-carinatave, 
in omnibus fere levissima, in perpaucis tuberculis squamulisve con- 
spersa; apice in rostellum tubulare (clausum) absuntia, demum 
valvatim 2-6-fida. Pistillidia 2-4na, longistyla.  Calyptra 
pyriformis obovatave carnosa, inferne sepe 6-8 cellulas crassa, 
apice dehiscente bi-triloba.  Pedicellus brevis, perianthio 2—3plo 
(vel vix) longior, validus, teres, siccando haud articulatus, cellulis 
breviuscule prismaticis, alternis (nec oppositis ad Lejewnece instar), in 
pedicelli diametro 8, sectione transversa hexagonis, nisi periphericis 
(sub 32-seriatis) subquadratis et paulo minoribus; pedicellus autem 
apice abrupte dilatatus, diametro 16 pluresve cellulas constans, 
sectione verticali semilunata, in capsulam transit.* Capsula globosa 
(ac in tribus diagnosi jam descripta) validiuscula, rufo-badia, 4-valvis. 
Elateres validi unispiri, casu rarissimo 2—4-spiri, in aliis speciebus 
30-36 cujusque valvulz, in aliis pauciores, Spore sat magne, 
rufe, tuberculis verruculisve asperule. 
Obs. The leaves of Frullania stand on a very small base, rarely half- 
embracing the stem, and are almost exactly transverse, their actual 
insertion being on the intersection of a nearly horizontal plane—trending 
slightly upwards in front—with the stem, placed vertically. There is 
no decurrence (or rather incurrence, from the fold upwards) of both lobe 
and lobule, which is an almost constant feature in Lejeunea. The postical 
lobule, folded in on the incubous lobe, and the auricle of the semicordate 
base which exists in most of the species, are quite free from the stem. 
The lobule in a good many of the species is nearly always bifid, having 
between the “lobule” (usually so-called, which is normally galeate, or 
saccate, and sufliciently large and conspicuous) and the stem a small 
plane process (interlobule or “stylus”) of a subulate or triangular form.t 
* Pedicellus vix unquam e perianthii apice, sed e carina (postica lateralive) 
infra apicem hiante emergens. Usque fere ad maturationem fructus com- 
pletam capsula cum suo pedicello (adhue brevissimo) formam obovato-obconi- 
cam monstrat, paulo serius turbinatam pyriformemve ; capsula autem exserta 
et dehiscente, pedicellus evenit cylindricus, apice in capsulam globosam 
dilatatus ibidemque facie supera (sive capsule basi interna) concavulus, 
ambitu quadratus, lateribus suis basin valvularum propriam sistentibus. 
+ I have sometimes, in accordance with the phraseology hitherto in use, 
spoken of the antical (or major) lobe as the ‘‘leaf,” but the minor lobe I 
always call ‘‘the lobule” and not ‘‘the auricle,” as usually in ‘‘Syn. Hep.” 
The latter term is needed for the ear-like dilatation at the antical base of a 
semicordate leaf, or at both basal angles of the cordate leaf that exists in a 
few species, chiefly of the subgenus Meteortopsis. 
