FRULLANIA. 5 
The curious foliaceous disks, orbicular, obovate, or reniform in outline, 
found attached to the basal margin, or to the underside of the lobule, or 
sometimes of the underleaves of certain Frullanie Chonanthelie, are 
perhaps to be regarded as propagula, for they quite resemble the marginal 
propagula occasionally produced (but without any order) on the leaves of 
many other Frullanve and Lejewnew, and they certainly sometimes fall 
away and develop into separate plants. 
The leaf subtending a branch has the ordinary form and position, as 
to the antical lobe, but the postical lobule is larger, nearly always 
evolute, and more equally bifid, the segment next the stem being as 
large as that next the lobe—in Fr. replicata indeed much broader and 
rounder. In some species the segments are separate from each other and 
from the lobe down to the very base ; but the branch is always exactly 
axillary to them, touching the internal base of both lobe and lobelets 
at its origin : a character which affords one of the best distinctions from 
saan whose branches are uniformly contiguous to the external base of 
the leaf. 
Underleaves, or stipules, are constantly present, while in a few species 
of Lejeunca they are altogether absent. They are almost always broad, 
and at the apex bifid, very rarely entire. Radicles are produced, where 
needed, from the hilum at the middle base of the underleaf, as in other 
hepatics ; they afe usually short, dark-coloured, and stellately spreading, 
but are rarely seen except in species of prostrate habit. 
The female flowers are mostly acrogenous, but in some species the 
abbreviated branches bear only involucral leaves, or bracts, and the 
‘perianth with its included organs, so that the inflorescence must be con- 
sidered cladogenous. After reiterated examination I have come to the 
conclusion that no true subfloral innovation exists in any Frullania. 
The branches that occasionally arise a little below a flower that 
terminates a stem or branch, are ordinary branches, that would have 
occupied the same position had the axis from which they spring been 
prolonged indefinitely instead of determining with the apical flower. 
Two Andine species, Fr. flexicaulis, n. sp., and Fr. Sabanetica, G., are 
notable for such apparently-innovated stems, but in all other Frullane 
known to me they are of only accidental occurrence. 
The pistillidia vary in number from 2 to 4. It is doubtful if they are 
strictly limited to only two in any species, for wherever I have been able 
to examine a great many young flowers I have almost always succeeded 
in finding a few, at least, with 4 pistillidia. In the subgenus Meteoriopsis 
the flowers seem normally tetragynous. 
The calyptra is fleshy, as much as 6 or 8 cells thick below the middle. 
I know of but one species, Fr. leytomitra, mihi, where it is nowhere 
more than two cells thick. 
In conformity with the usage of preceding authors who have treated 
of the Jubulew, I have described the capsule as cloven into 4 valves, 
down only to a certain distance (about $ of the semicircumference), but 
entire at the broad pale fleshy base. It seems, however, more correct to 
regard this entire portion as the dilated apex of the pedicel, analogous to 
the apophysis of some mosses, by which name we may be allowed to 
designate it. The pedicel of the Frullanie is very constantly 8 or 9 
cells in diameter and 32 cells in circumference throughout its cylindrical 
portion, but the degree of dilatation of the apex varies in different 
species, being 16 or more cells across (on a horizontal tangent to the 
