ae FRULLANIA. [TRACHYCOLEA 
4 species, nullam vulgatam, inveni. /’r. squarrosa per sylvam Amazoni- 
cam et Andes inferiores dispersa est, nusquam ab habitationibus remota, 
seepeque Fr. gibbosa et arietina consociata, Czeteree 3 omnes zonam 
Andium sylvaticam inter 1200 et 2000™ alt. incolunt. Alize species in 
Mexico, Antillis, Brasilia, ete. habitant ; in Asia tropica et Africa tamen 
rariores videntur. 
In this subgenus, as in all the following ones, the perianth is typically 
trigonous, having two lateral and only one postical keel ; although in 
Trachycolea supplementary ridges (carinule) are sometimes added on at 
front and back ; it is moreover beset with tubercles, or papille, or leafy 
scales, which rarely become obsolete. In the tropical species it is nearly 
always whitish-green, rarely passing to dull purple at the apex, while the 
foliage is green, and not rufous, as in most other Frullanie. Our own 
Fr. dilatata is the type of the group, but is nearly always tinged with 
brown on both foliage and perianth. The species grow either in orbicular 
patches on stones and trees, or trail over other hepatic. Fr. squarrosa 
(like Fr. dilatata) is truly a weed, following the operations of men, and 
growing along with F’r. arietina and gibbosa throughout the Amazon 
plain and lower hills, only near habitations, where it is not uncommon 
on old calabash trees, but is seldom fertile. Of the other 3 species 
gathered by me in South America, two belong to the middle wooded 
region of the Andes and ascend to 1800™; the third to the plain, at the 
cataracts of the Orinoco. They are all very local, yet have a somewhat 
“trivial” custom, being never found in the depths of the forest but 
preferring deserted clearings and such like places. In this respect they 
agree with Chonanthelia, one species of which, Fr. Orinocensis, also 
approaches them in character, but differs essentially in the 4-(not 3-) 
angled perianth. 
Fr. squarrosa is not only tropical American but is found also in South 
Africa, in continental India and the Malay Islands, and in Australia. 
Fr. ericoides Nees, which is scarcely distinct from the preceding, is also 
common to the three continents, and has been found in some of the 
Oceanic Islands. A few other species are described from the southern 
hemisphere, some from as far south as New Zealand and Cape Horn. In 
Europe, besides Fr. dilatata, we have.one, or perhaps two, species. North 
America, with Fr. dilatata, has F’r. eolotis, Pr. Virginica, and two or three 
others. 
All the species of Trachycolea part rapidly with their colouring 
matter when moistened, and tinge water yellowish-green. 
22. Fr. squarrosa.—F. fragilissima recurvo-squarrosa cordato-ovata rotun- 
data, lobulo majusculo galeato. Foliola vix minora oblato-orbiculata 
angulata ad ' bifida, segmentis apiculatis. Br. lobulis laciniatis ; 
bracteola subdentata. Per. oblongo-obovata retusa, supra medium 
plus minus papillosa. 
23. Fr. squamuligera.—F. vix fragilia squarrosa late semicordato-ovata 
rotundata, lobulo minuto galeato. Foliola haud duplo breviora 
oblato-orbiculata brevi-emarginata, dentibus subacutis. Br. lobulis 
bracteolaque laciniatis. Per. oblonga rotundata, facie fere tota 
_  squamulis foliaceis vestita. 
24, Fr. latiflora.—F. vix fragilia subsquarrosa, lobulo parvo obtuse conico, 
Foliola fere duplo breviora obovato-rotunda ad } bifida, segmentis 
