LEJEUNEA. 69 
stipuled Lejewnee, the pedicel is 16 cells in length, 7.¢., it consists of 
16 superposed tiers of cells; each tier contains 20 cells (4 inner, 16 
outer); and the apophysis (the dilated apex of the pedicel) has on its 
cruciform upper surface 16 pairs of square-headed cells on each diagonal. 
But in the Schizostipe the pedicel is but 12 cells long; each tier has 
only 16 cells, and the dilated apex is only 12 cells across. It is true that 
the Holostipe are, as a rule, more robust than the Schizostipe, and both 
stems and all appendages consist of more cells ; yet there are a few robust 
species of the latter which still preserve the same proportions in the pedicel. 
The numbers given above are the normal ones, and (as in the struc- 
ture of every other organ) there will be exceptions; but the following 
are all I have hitherto noted.—In L. robusta, Mitt., one of the largest 
species of the genus, in the centre of the 4 series of large cruciate cells 
a row of very slender cells is interposed, thus making the pedicel 5 
cells (instead of 4) across, although the peripheral cells are still the 
normal number, 16. In L. inflewa, Hpe., one of the Schizostipw, stead 
of the usual 12 rows of peripheral cells, I have once found 13; the 
odd row of cells interposed between two groups of three rows each. 
In some of the minuter species one can make out only 10 or 11 tiers 
of cells in the length ; and in the Holostipw the tiers sometimes fall 
one or two short of 16; but these aberrations are rare. In the dilated 
head of the pedicel the number of cells is more apt to vary than in 
the cylindrical portion; and the cells filling the quadrants between the 
diagonals are by no means so distinct, or so clearly attributable to the 
pedicel, as in Jubula. The inner base of the capsule is indeed often 
partially torn up, when the elaters are released from it, and they in their 
turn sometimes leave their annulated heads sticking to it. 
The cells composing the pedicel are all formed before the capsule bursts 
through the calyptra, after which there is no further addition to their 
number, and the pedicel attains its full length by the elongation of the 
cells, so that, from being at first broader than long, they speedily become 
thrice as long as broad. In this process the end-walls of each tier of cells 
undergo no change, but the vertical walls are much attenuated and in 
drying collapse, leaving a nodose articulation, and in the more delicate 
species a flexure or geniculation, at the top of every tier. In several of 
the robuster species the cells of the pedicel offer more resistance to lateral 
shrinkage, and in the dried state the pedicel remains nearly or quite 
smooth. 
The capsule is uniformly globose, much paler and tenderer than that 
of Frullania, and in the smaller species often white when empty. 
Respecting its structure I have not much to add to what I have already 
stated in the description of the tribe and genus. It is cloven at maturity 
into 4 oval-lanceolate valves, down to about 3 of the semi-circumference, 
rarely to as much as #. The valves are strongly recurved at the moment 
of dehiscence, and retain that position in a few of the more robust species ; 
but in the great majority, when the spores are ejected, the valves close 
again and slightly overlap each other, so as to resemble the petals of a 
white lily. The outer membrane of the valves consists of large thickish 
cells, more or less rhombic in general outline, though sometimes 5- or 
6-angled, and strongly sinuate within from the nodosely-thickened walls ; 
except the marginal cells, which are oblongo-quadrate and only half the 
size of the inner. The endothecium is either whitish or slightly tinged 
with yellow or brown. It consists of smaller, thinner, more elongate 
