506 JUNGERMANIA. 
XXXI. JUNGERMANTIA, Rupp. Linn. 
Plante humiliores, rarius elate. Cazes in planum simplices fur- 
cative, in paucis iteratim dichotomi, in plerisque vage ramosi, ramos 
(paucos) laterales ex angulo foliorum postico proferentes; rami 
revera postici nulli vel rarissimi, flagellares autem radicantes aliis 
speciebus adsunt. Radicelle plerumque pallide, in speciebus habitu 
prostrato copiose, in czepitoso-erectis (preter ad basin) sparse vel 
subnulle, ol/a succuba, raro subtransversa, patentia, assurgentia, 
vel lateraliter accumbentia, sat lata, in aliis sp. integra, aliis biloba, 
aliis paucis 3-5-loba-dentatave; margine plano vel incurvo, nunquam 
recurvo, semper fere integerrimo raro denticulato ; reti mediocri, vix 
unquam laxo, raro minuto. oliola plerisque sp. carentia ; quibus 
adsunt pro m. parva, integra bifidave, raro subquadrifida. Flores 
dioici vel paroici: @ terminales, fertiles raro innovati, steriles szepe 
innovatione subflorali suffulti. Bractee raro plus quam bijuge, foliis 
subconformes vel magis incise, a perianthio libere, inter se inter- 
dum connate. Pistillidia plura (8-70). Pertanthia plerumque 
emersa, a latere compressula, vel teretia, in perpaucis a fronte sub- 
compressa, raro omnino ecarinata, semper fere (superne saltem) cari- 
nis 3-10—levibus, rarius asperis, nunquam alatis—precursa ; ore pro 
m. parvo, integerrimo vel denticulato, raro ciliato, quandoque tubu- 
lari, interdum primum clauso demum valvatim rupto; rarissime 
uno solo latere hiantia. Calyptra pyriformis ovalisve, tenuis, vel 
solum in ipsa basi carnosula, a pistillidiis sterilibus libera. Capsula 
alte—raro breviter—exserta, globosa vel oblonga, raro cylindracea, 
2-5-strata, 4-valvis, valvulis raro bifidis. Hateres dispiri. Spore 
minutul, leves vel scaberule. 
Hub, et Distr. In terra saxisque humidis umbrosis necnon in 
truncis putridis; in arboribus vetustis rarius, in cortice foliisque 
Vivis nunquam (quantum scio). Jungermaniw in zonis temperatis 
longe frequentiores, in zona torrida vix extra montes vigent. In 
planitie Amazonica speciem solitariam semel inveni; in Andibus 
species 9 nullibi copiose carpsi. 
Obs. Notwithstanding the amount of splitting and paring down which 
the genus Jungermania has undergone, what remains of it under that 
designation is still a somewhat incongruous assemblage of species. If 
the plants with roundish entire leaves be regarded the typical form, the 
cloven-leaved species may stand apart under Dumortier’s name, Lophozia, 
but only as a subgenus, for there is no constant peculiarity of the floral 
organs and fruit to support the solitary character derived from the leaves, 
and that character also fades away in such species as J. heteracria, which 
combines bifid with entire leaves on the same individual. 
