J UNGERMANIA. 507 
Of some splits from Eujungermania, as distinct genera, or to be tacked 
on to previously separated genera, it may perhaps be asserted that they 
sever what nature never meant to be put asunder. Thus the Hucalyx of 
the excellent Lindberg, removed by him from Jungermania to be attached 
to Nardia, is plainly more nearly related to certain undisputed Junger- 
manie than to Nardia scalaris and its genuine allies. The adhesion of 
the 2 bracts to the base of the perianth, which is held to justify this 
transposition, is often very slight and variable in Hucalyx, and in some 
forms of Z. crenulata (Sm.) it disappears altogether. 
In Solenostana, as originally proposed by Mitten, the tubular mouth of 
the peristome is the sole character assigned to distinguish the genus from 
Jungermania, If that be so, then we have an exquisite example of it in 
J. spherocarpa Hook. (=J. lurida Dum.=J. nana Nees.=J. Goulardi 
Husn.). In a large series of specimens of J. spherocarpa now before me 
I note that the fully-formed but still unruptured perianth is constantly 
narrowed into a short apical tube, and that when ruptured by the ripe 
fruit it is almost as constantly regularly 4-cleft. The perianth of J. crenu- 
lata has rarely any approach toa tubular mouth ; but in that of J. gracil- 
lima (or Genthiana), which is scarcely more than a subspecies of J. crenu- 
lata, I often find a shortly-tubular mouth. The perianth is often far 
more distinctly beaked in J. J. Bantriensis, Hornschuchiana, and some 
other species, whose aflinity to the original Solenostoma is very remote 
indeed. The author afterwards added on to the generic character “ in- 
volucral leaves adnate to base of perianth,” which would make it partly 
coincide with Hucalyx; but, as it at present stands defined, it does not 
really represent any natural group of species. 
Jamesoniella, proposed by myself in 1876 as a subgenus, can only be 
regarded as a section of Jungermania proper. Whether the British Jung. 
Carringtonia Balf. be really a congener of Jamesoniella colorata (the typical 
species) is doubtful, and will probably remain so uutil fertile plants of 
the former be found. 
Lindberg’s subgenus Sphenolobus seems distinct so long as we look only 
at Jung. minuta and other typical species ; yet it passes insensibly into 
Lophoxia. The curious little plants I describe here under the sectional 
name Cephaloziopsis, might perhaps be united to Sphenolobus, but their 
habit is quite peculiar. The species I have called Jung. achroa is unique 
in its mode of branching, having some branches lateral, some postical, 
and others antical—springing from the upper face of the stem. The 
lateral branches are rarely axillary, but arise a little above the inner base 
of the adjacent leaf. (A similar supra-axillary branching is sometimes 
seen in Diplophyllum Dicksoni.) The somewhat complicate, and often 
toothed, leaves of J. achroa, and especially the presence of postical leaves 
(or bracteoles) in the involucre, although there are none on the stem, 
approximate the species to such Cephaloziw as C. dentata and C. Turneri, 
near which I at one time collocated it.* 
* When my memoir on Cephalozia appeared (Sept. 1882) I had seen only 
sterile specimens of the remarkable Jung. phyllacantha Mass., and misled by the 
obvious resemblance of its tristichous toothed leaves to those of Anthelia, I rashly 
referred it to that genus. The Jast sheet had barely left the printer’s hands 
when I received from Professor Massalongo fertile specimens of his plant, show- 
ing unmistakably that as to the perianth, calyptra, &e. it was a true Cepha- 
lozia, allied to C. dentata and C. Turneri, but, like them, having only lateral, 
and no postical branches ; in which particular they all differed from the typical 
postical ramification of Cephalozia. Thereupon I reviewed all my materials, 
