116 Dr Richardson on the Frozen Soil of North America. 



Rupert's House, j East side of 

 Lat. 51° 26' N. i James' Bay, on 

 Long. 78° 40' W. ' the coast, 



April 28 



and 29. 



1836, 



A pit dug in open ground, exposed to the 

 NW. winds from Rupert's Bay, and 

 50 feet from the face of the bank. The 

 frozen soil extended 7 feet from the 

 surface. Under a snow-drift 8 feet 

 thick the soil was frozen only 13 inches 

 deep. 



Eastmain 

 Lat. 52°19'N. 

 Long. 78° 40' W. 



East side of 

 James' Bay, 

 Rupert River 

 District, on the 

 coast, 



Situation exposed. Dug 7 feet 8 inches in 

 unfrozen soil, and drove a stake through 

 Sept. 1. j the soft earth 5 feet farther, in all 12 ft. 

 1835, { 8 inches. Stopped by the influx of 

 water. (Compare this with the observa- 

 tions at Albany, in same latitude.) 



Sept. 18. 

 1835, 



Sept. 29. 

 1835, 



Feb. 27. 

 1836, 



Dug 8 feet 3 inches, until stopped by 

 water, when a stake was driven 7 feet 

 lower. In all 15 feet 3 in. of soft soil. 



Stake driven with ease into a swampy 

 piece of ground 12 feet deep. 



Pit dug in the burying-ground, inclosed 

 by stockades, when the frost was found 

 to have penetrated 8 or 10 inches into 

 the soil. The snow-drift lay 8 feet 

 deep over the spot. 



Albany, "West side of Sept. 2. 



Lat. 52° 15' N. j James' Bay and 3. 

 Long. 81° 53' W. near the coast, 1835, 



Thawed surface soil 6 inches ; 3 feet 

 7 inches frozen earth ; beneath which 

 a brown clay, so hard that it required 

 to be cut with an ice-chisel, cut into 

 1 1 inches ; in all 5 feet. Query, Was 

 twt the clay Mr Corrigal mentions 

 frozen ? It would have been desir- 

 able to have placed it near the fire to 

 see if it became more plastic. 



Green Lake Interior, on a 

 ureen ±jaKe, ,.„,., n i„r. p n t 



Lat. 54°17'N. I ?»„„ e ' f 



Lon.ll7°30'W.l 1 f st3 f,°y ards 

 above the sea, 



Oct. 15. 

 1835, 



A pit dug 15 feet deep, 40 yards from 

 the lake ; 2 feet of gravel on the sur- 

 face ; rest compact clay, so hard at 

 bottom that it was impracticable to 

 dig it deeper. Query, Was it frozen ? 

 Would it have softened by heat? 



Isle a la Crosse, 

 Lat. 55°25'N. 

 Lon. 107° 53' W. 



Interior, on the i 

 shore of a lake. n . , _ 

 Perhaps 300 i [035 

 yards above the 



2 feet gravel and sand and 8 of hard clay, 

 when water flowed into it. Query, 

 Did the water come in at the bottom ? 



Severn Outpost, 

 Lat. 56°00'N. 

 Long. 86° 15'W. 



Severn River, 

 west side of 

 Hudson's Bay, 



Autumn, 



A frozen stratum reached at the depth 

 of 1 1 feet, in a loose sandy soil, when 

 the surface-water filled the pit. 



A pit dug 7 feet in another place was 

 filled with water before the frozen 

 soil was reached. 



