M. Berghaus on the Epochs of Vegetation. 187 



about the same time ; and barley is ten days later of ripening 

 in England than in Sweden. For July, in England, has a mean 

 temperature of 60°.8 F., and about 62°.6 F. at Upsala ; and 

 August in England has a mean temperature likewise of about 

 60° 8 F , and in Sweden about the same, viz. 60°.26 F. 



If we' adopt the observations made during two years in 

 Saxony, we find, as the mean result, that, from efflorescence 

 to ripeness of fruit, 56 days are required for wheat, 59 tor 

 rye* 31 for barley, 45 for oats, and 68 days for the potato. 



According to the observations made in Wurtemberg, which 

 were continued for several years, the same period of vegeta- 

 tion required 56.4 days for rye ; 42^ for Triticum spelta; 51ft 

 for winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) ; 25 for summer barley 

 (H. cestivum) ; and 25^ days for oats. 



In the portion of the valley of the Elbe, which is in Saxony, 

 taking the mean of the two years 1833 and 1834, the vine 

 flowered on the 17th June, and the vintage began on the loth 

 October. Between the two epochs there is a period of 121 

 days. In Wurtemberg, the Vitis vinifera requires 1W.3 days ; 

 and near Stuttgart the vintage commences on the 15th Octo- 

 ber, taking the mean of 65 years. 



From the comparison of the Saxon data, there results that, 

 for every 100 Parisian feet, there is a delay 



In flowering, In the harvest, 



Of wheat, 2.2 days. 2.2 days. 



Of rye, 1.3 2 ' 2 



Of oats, 2.0 I-* 



Of barley, 2.2 2 - 2 



Of potatoes, 2.3 °- 5 



The approximate results differ considerably from the de- 

 terminations calculated by Sehubler. 



As to the fall of the leaf or defoliation, the hazel-nut tree, 

 the ash, the lime, the poplar, and the maple, lose their leaves 

 at Upsala at the very beginning of autumn ; while in the 

 neighbourhood of Naples they remain in full foliage during 

 the whole month of November. The apple-tree, the fig-tree, 

 the elm, the birch, and the different kinds of oak, which in 

 Paris are deprived of their leaves at the beginning of No- 

 vember, retain them at Naples till the end of December. 



