204 Dr Buckland on the former Existence of 



waters of the Eamont and the Lowther, are extensive moraines, loaded 

 with enormous blocks of porphyry and slate, brought down by glaciers 

 from the high valleys which, commencing on the east flank of Hehellyn, 

 and in the mountains about Patterdale, descend into the lake of U lies- 

 water, aud from those by which the tributaries of the Lowther are con- 

 ducted from the eastern flank of Martindale, and from Hallswater and 

 Mardale. A remarkable group of these moraines is at Eden Hall, four 

 miles east of Penrith. On the southern frontier of these mountains in 

 Westmoreland and Lancashire, are similar moraines on a most extensive 

 scale. Thus, immediately below the gorge through which the waters of 

 the Kenn descend from the mountains of Kentnuir and Long Sleddale, 

 the valley of Kendal is covered with large insulated piles of gravel, whilst 

 smaller moraines and the detritus of moraines nearly fill the valley from 

 Kendal to Morecambe Bay. Five miles north-east of Kendal, in the 

 highroad from Shap, and on the shoulder of the mountain immediately in 

 front of the valley of Long Sleddale, is a group of conical and oblong 

 moraines, distinguished by the superior fertility of their soil to that of 

 the adjacent slate-rocks. South of Kendal, the highroads from Burton 

 and Milthorpe to Lancaster, pass for the most part over moraines or their 

 detritus ; Lancaster Castle also stands on a mixed mass of glacial detritus, 

 probably derived chiefly from the outswecpings of the valley of the Luce. 

 The districts of Furness, Ulverston, and Dalton, are extensively covered 

 with deep deposits of moraines, formed from the wreck of mountains sur- 

 rounding the upper end of Windermere and Coniston Lakes ; and a bed or 

 capping of till aud gravel thirty or forty feet thick overlies the great vein 

 of hematite near Ulverston. The south-west and western portions of 

 Cumberland, Dr Buckland has not recently examined ; but he is of opinion 

 that many of the conical hillocks marked on Fryer's large county map, 

 in the valley of the Duddon, will prove to be moraines, derived from the 

 adjacent mountains ; also those on the right of the Esk, at the east and 

 west extremities of Muncaster Fell ; and those near the village of Wast- 

 dale. Dr Buckland is further of opinion, that though no similar hillocks 

 are given in Mr Fryer's map on the north side of the Cumberland group, 

 vet that moraines exist near Church, in the valley which forms the outlet 

 of the Ennerdale Water ; also between Cruminock Water and Lorton, and 

 near Isle in the valley by which the Derwent descends from Basscnth- 

 waite Lake towards Cockermouth. ■ Near the centre of the lake district 

 are extensive moraines, on the shoulder of Braw Top, immediately south- 

 east of Keswick ; and Dr Buckland states that they must have been 

 medial moraines, formed at the junction of the valley of the Greta with 

 that of Derwentwater. The author was prevented from seeking for po- 

 lished and striated surfaces on the rocks of Cumberland, but he noticed 

 them on grey wacke iu Dr Arnold's garden at Fashow, near Ambleside ; 

 and near the slate quarry at Rydal ; also on recently exposed rocks by 

 the side of the road ascending from Grassmere to the pass of Wythburn. 

 The rounded and mammillated forms of many of the rocks at the bottom 



