94 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



ON A COLLECTION OF LAND-SHELLS FEOM SOUTH CELEBES. 



By Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., etc. 



Bead \Qth April, 1896. 



PLATE VII. 



The specimens about to be enumerated and described were collected 

 by Mr. A. Everett at the southern extremity of the island of Celebes, 

 at an elevation of 2,000 feet, also at a still greater height, 4,000 to 

 5,000 feet, upon Bonthain Peak. Several of the species are of con- 

 siderable interest, notably the Bulimoid form, which appears to 

 approximate more closely to the genus Calycia of New Guinea than 

 to any other group. Xesta dimidiata, Memipleda Bonthainensis, 

 Cldoritis Howesii, and Cyclotus pyrostorna, are all very handsome 

 forms ; and the discovery of four additional species of Clausilia is 

 of importance, as only a single species has been pre^dously recorded. 

 The Bev. A. H. Cooke, ^ in discussing the fauna of Celebes, has 

 referred to the paucity of the species of that genus, and of AvipM- 

 dromus, and to the relative proportion of Naninida3 to Helicida^, as 

 marking "the beginning of a distinct decrease in the Indo-Malay 

 element." Many of these and similar deductions are often made 

 upon insufficient knowledge of the respective faunas. In the present 

 case, for example, the incompleteness of the list of the species of 

 terrestrial molluscs which actually occur in the island is demonstrated 

 by the fact that, in one very limited area, Mr. Everett has discovered 

 no less than fourteen new forms, numerically equal to one-fourth 

 of the previously known fauna. The greater part of the island has 

 yet to be explored, and doubtless very many additional species will 

 eventually be discovered. As our knowledge of this fauna is at 

 present so incomplete, it is of very little use to compare it with 

 that of other adjacent islands. 



It is, however, interesting to note that the Philippine Ohha marginata 

 (var. sororcula), hitherto recorded only from liorth Celebes, also occurs 

 in the south. Mention should also be made of the occurrence of six 

 species of AmpJiidromus (eight if, like Prof. E. von Martens, we 

 consider A. interruptus and A. SuUanus distinct from A. perversus)^ 

 a number exceeding those known from Sumatra. 



The following are the principal papers which treat upon the land- 

 shells of Celebes : — 



1. E. von Martens, Malak. Blatt. 1872, vol. xx, pp. 155-177. 



2. Id., Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. vol. ii, p. 99, etc. 



3. Id., in Max Weber's Zool. Ergeb., vol. ii, p. 209, etc. 



4. Id., Sitzungsb. GeselL nat. Yx. Berlin, 1886, pp. 112-114. 



5. Tapparone - Canefri, Ann. Mus. Geneva, 1884, vol. xx, pp. 



169-175. 



* " Cambridge Natural History," vol. iii, p. 310. 



