8 Wilson—Observations on 
of age. The tubercle itself measured about six inches in 
diameter. 
From these facts and others which are tabulated below, I 
concluded that the seed usually germinated on quite young 
roots; but that it did not send up a flowering shoot until per- 
haps its fourth or fifth year of existence. 
The subjoined table shows the size of some tubercles, and 
the corresponding age of the oak root on which they were 
parasitic : 
Age of Oak Root Diameter of 
in years, tubercle. 
ae CN PND Ra eU Ri NTC d a ait ger Sen cH iat Gat ital We To ees I inch. 
SPAM ANU arctS wate tele Nle eres, ae dts sesh tak sort te 2 inches. 
IabeR ore tres fat oh REI SCRAPY Cn Gm hey te 2). eeu unchess 
DM hans, Meieis Meaney se toaes wise ome te ete ee>) ue) fs 3% inches. 
CORRE ai Hepes ae omOnE RN om ESR RAUL fg cbs Oem 13f in. x I mM. 
(ANP a Dice Soden Ves Saleen vo 9 dake eg 2% inches. 
Ger ERAN Ee rastiton io ptline Stehvigy ate eh be tee ie 3% inches. 
Timeratistsittcwrtl. son-its mall otteek Ven ee pplertco hole ev meaes 2 inches. 
Tide Pee Tockro Atel his) Ws tatays oe: Woiteinuis) Rent seFteymletps 2% inches. 
Senta e tn Guatmer ast ccmetaetlt ic! nallatn entra ten ua teas 2% inches. 
bo STE Mea a SM SAE NUD URES a) Re RN IROL cd CN ai 3 inches. 
Oigadabines asi shy eimtel p Giplon sults chide uer ted Sol ReneT ie 4 inches. 
TO Perret aot st Bio acaie, Licpuhe, satheyeNersiehcieletars 4 inches. 
LIP iea sehr el petke meh cel reve GO Vey felt senevine ae 6 inches. 
VII. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONOPHOLIS AND ITs Host. 
The flowering shoots of C. americana are found above 
cround usually some distance from the oak and often forming 
almost a semi-circle of growth around it. Sometimes above 
ground, too, are found the tubercles from which the stalks 
proceed. This was particularly true at Gallitzen, Pa., as 
observed by Professor Macfarlane. But it is only by digging 
below the ground that any idea can be.had of the huge ex- 
crescences made by the parasite and the roots of the oak. 
Three of these are figured on Plate I, which is a photograph 
. of a small portion of the underground material dug up at 
Gallitzen, Pa., June, 1896. Younger stages are drawn on 
Plate; Val) Figs) \1,\2;.3.and 4. 
