Conopholis americana. 13 
The tubercles are, in the main, a modification of the host, 
within which develop endogenously the buds of the flower 
shoots, which then break through the thick, protecting 
“bark.” 
This peculiar relationship of parasite and host recalls in its 
development and growth the Lalanophoree, or even the Rafile- 
siace@, rather than the typical Orobanchee, whose connection 
with the host plant in all genera and species which have been 
carefully worked out, is a much more evident and a much 
less intimate one. These always develop some earth roots 
in addition to the haustoria. This is never true of either of 
the above orders, in both of which the flower is the only part 
rising free from the host. 
Langsdorfia and Balanophora are typical members of the 
order Balanophoree, whose history and parasitic relationship 
have been carefully worked out by Sachs and Eichler, more 
particularly the latter. The seed of each, in germinating, 
destroys the bark and cortex of the host roots, lays open, 
lacerates, and unravels the tissues in the search for food. 
Then the woody bundles of the host ascend into the substance 
of the parasite, spread out like a fan, and become so inter- 
laced with the cells and vessels of the parasite that it is quite 
impossible to distinguish one from the other. 
VIII. Histotocy or C. AMERICANA. 
Under this head will be taken up mainly the microscopic 
anatomy of the flowering stalk. As much of the histology 
of the tubercle as I was able to make out has been already 
discussed. But to make what follows clearer, I will recapitu- 
late the chief points mentioned. All are quite plainly demon- 
strated in Plate V, Fig. 5, namely, the thick ‘ bark,’’ con- 
tinuous and identical with that of the oak, the masses of 
sclerenchyma, and the threads of soft parenchymatous tissue 
surrounding these masses. 
