Polygala polygama and P. paucifiora. 135 
Nectary.—C. In the subterranean cleistogamic flower no 
certain indication of a nectary has been found. 
Seeds.—The evident flowers, as already stated, commonly 
fail to bring forth seeds. When seeds are produced no dif- 
ference has been observed in those resulting from the differ- 
ent types of flowers. 
The development of the seed-wall presents some points of 
interest. The individual coats, at the time when they arise as 
folds growing up over the nucellus, consist over nearly their 
whole extent of twocell-layers. Theinner (secundine) under- 
goes relatively little development and in the mature state is 
hard to find. The cells of the outer coat enlarge, and from 
the first are sharply marked off from the surrounding tissue. 
At the time of pollination the primine is a two-layered envel- 
ope, whose cells are rich in protoplasm and have strongly 
marked nuclei. Anticlinal cell division takes place rapidly 
at this time. The cells of the secundine at flowering time are 
somewhat vacuolated and have small nuclei. From then 
onward they gradually become larger, vacuolated and degen- 
erate, and may be found only as a thin, imperfect layer lining 
the hard testa of the ripe seed. 
The cells of the primine retain their almost meristematic 
character, dividing anticlinally, so that although the ovule is 
swelling rapidly, their axes remain equal. As the corolla 
withers the two layers composing the primine coat become 
differentiated: the outer ceases to divide and its cells to 
enlarge. The inner undergoes still more active anticlinal 
division than at first so that it becomes a layer of columnar 
cells perpendicular to the surface. The outer layer begins to 
develop epidermal processes which in time become the hairy 
covering. As the ovule approaches its full size the inner 
columnar cells cease dividing and elongate rapidly till they 
may fairly be described as needle shaped. Their walls now 
become greatly indurated, and thus arises the hard coat of the 
