308 Phillips on a Comparative Study of the 
into motion when the attraction and expulsion of the fluids 
are unequal and so lively that the opposition of the water is 
overcome.” He also speaks (59) of the power of Oscil- 
laria to move independently of their sheath, attributing the 
movements to the same cause. 
Max Schultz (70) supposed that the movement was due 
to protoplasmic creeping of the organism upon the surface 
of the slide by means of protoplasmic pseudopods passing 
through the cell walls, and continuous with a delicate con- 
tractile pellicle of protoplasm surrounding the cell, though 
he was scarcely able to demonstrate the pellicle. He was 
able to show the pseudopods by passing over them currents 
of water in which free coloring matter was ground up and 
suspended, the fine granules of color adhering to the proto- 
plasmic processes. He believed that the plant could not 
move unless in contact with some object, as the slide or 
another trichome of the plant. He could easily make out 
the movements of particles of indigo on the trichomes of 
Oscillaria as described by von Siebold. These movements 
sometimes became rapid, and in the thicker species the par- 
ticles at times revolved in a spiral. He noted that there was 
secreted a slimy substance which cemented the indigo par- 
ticles together, for he could see the moving trichomes 
dragging the particles after them for a while, and later he 
could trace where a trichome had passed by means of the 
agglutinated particles of indigo which formed a kind of 
tube in its track. The cause of movement he considered to 
be entirely similar to that of Diatoms. 
Von Siebold (72) wrote as follows: “The Oscillariez 
offer a very interesting sight when we notice their turn- 
ing movements in water which has been colored with indigo. 
All of the pieces of indigo which come in contact with 
the Oscillarian trichome are passed into a slender spiral 
along the filaments towards the end, and the filaments may 
either remain stationary or move forward. It was surpris- 
ing to me that sometimes these forward gliding motions 
